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Praxis Art Content and Knowledge > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Value

A

amount of light reflected by a hue, darkness, or lightness of color

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2
Q

Tenebrism

A

where forms emerge from a dark background into strong light - spotlight in theater

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3
Q

Negative space

A

any space that is not the main subject of an image or design

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4
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

Light to dark, use of exaggerated contrast, to create the illusion of volume

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5
Q

complimentary colors

A

opposites on color wheel

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6
Q

binder

A

holds pigment partials together without dissolving them, helps attach pigment to surface

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7
Q

asymmetrical balance

A

two sides of composition are not the same

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8
Q

achromatic

A

black, white, and grey

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9
Q

principles of art

A

movement, unity, harmony, variety, balance, contrast, proportion, pattern

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10
Q

Alla Prima

A

method of painting a piece all at once, generally using wet on wet methods

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11
Q

Depth of Field

A

distance between nearest and farthest object in an image

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12
Q

Exposure

A

the amount of light that enters the lens and strikes the film

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13
Q

aperture

A

opening of a camera lens
works like an eye
opening through which light travels and hits the camera sensor
directly affects area of focus
small aperture (bigger F-stop number) = larger depth of field
larger aperture (smaller F-stop number) = shallow area of focus/depth of field

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14
Q

Collagraph

A

image built up from glue and other materials, like a collage

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15
Q

Foreshortening

A

Method of distorting an object to make it appear to extend back into space

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16
Q

intaglio

A

printmaking method where incised lines are printed. related to etching or aquatint. also called engraving

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17
Q

sfumato

A

means “to smoke”. a method of drawing where lines are blended together, used by da Vinci during the renaissance

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18
Q

tusche

A

greasy black ink used for lithographs

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19
Q

Soldering

A

a process where two pieces of metal are joined by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint

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20
Q

Bisque

A

clay that has been fired once, halfway, but not glazed

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21
Q

Brazing

A

joining two metals, like soldering, but the filler metal has a higher melting point

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22
Q

Welding

A

jointing metals by fusing them together under direct heat

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23
Q

Embossing

A

a raised design on a flat surface, made by pressing or hammer into the backside

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24
Q

Monotype

A

A one of a kind print made by painting on smooth metal creating a texture

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25
Q

offset

A

printing process in which an inked image is transferred to a rubber cylinder, then to paper

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26
Q

Serigraphy

A

a stencil method of printmaking where an image is painted onto a screen of silk, then ink is forced through the mesh onto printing surface (paper, cloth)

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27
Q

Frisket

A

a material used to stop paper from absorbing in water based painting

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28
Q

lost wax

A

a technique of casting metal in a plaster mold

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29
Q

Scumbling

A

technique that involves brushing paint over a dried layer of paint till the dry layer shows through

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30
Q

Cloisonne

A

metalwork where fine metal wire separates color on an enamel surface

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31
Q

painterly

A

use of paint in a loose, gestural way

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32
Q

post and lintel

A

simple construction where two or more vertical posts support one or more horizontal lintels, think stonehedge

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33
Q

vehicle

A

liquid based thinner that helps dissolve paint and helps it flow - oil, turpentine, water, etc.

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34
Q

vault

A

a curved ceiling or roof made of bricks or stone forming a shell

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35
Q

underpainting

A

monochromatic value study which helps define values under color tones for later painting

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36
Q

tromp l’oeil

A

means “fool the eye” style of painting which creates an illusion of space, light or objects which is very convincing

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37
Q

truss

A

triangular framework used for support or reinforcement

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38
Q

rayograph

A

also called photogram, image created by placing objects on light sensitive paper and exposing it to light

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39
Q

perspective

A

creates the feeling of depth through use of lines that make the image appear to be 3d

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40
Q

minaret

A

a tower outside a mosque where changers stand calling people to prayer

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41
Q

Pendentives

A

curving triangular sections that form a support system for a circular dome

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42
Q

modeling

A

a sculpture technique where you both add and subtract material

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43
Q

masonry

A

creating patterns using stone held together by mortar

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44
Q

montage

A

the film editing technique combining many brief shots to represent a single subject

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45
Q

high relief

A

sculpture where 50% of depth is shown and there are some undercut areas

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46
Q

low (bas) relief

A

sculpture where the plane is barely scratched and the uncut area is barely protruding

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47
Q

Lithography

A

type of printmaking based on the resistance of oil (grease) and water, done usually on limestone
Image of lithograph is drawn with greasy crayon on smooth surface which is mostly limestone. The non image part is coated with a water substance such as gum arabic. Oil based ink adheres to greasy drawing and repelled by water on rest of stone so image can be printed.

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48
Q

Linear Perspective

A

scientific method of using lines to find scale and proportional relationships on a 2d surface

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49
Q

Keystone

A

the final stone set I place at the top of the arch

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50
Q

iconography

A

the symbolic meaning of assigns, subjects, and images

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51
Q

isometric perspective

A

use of parallel lines to draw

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52
Q

glazing in relation to painting

A

use of transparent paint to build up a painting

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53
Q

gesso

A

mix of chalk or plaster and glue

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54
Q

flying buttress

A

large stone half-arch most associated with gothic architecture

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55
Q

drypoint

A

printmaking technique similar to engraving where a “dry point” is created by carving or scratching lines in a plate with a needle

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56
Q

Dry Masonry

A

patterning with stones, but no mortar

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57
Q

cantilever

A

architectural technique where a beam or slab is extended far beyond a support column or wall (think traffic light)

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58
Q

Camera obscura

A

a box device which projects an image onto a screen, before the camera

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59
Q

Colonnade

A

row of columns spanned or connected by beams - think the white house

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60
Q

cross hatching

A

shading by building up crossed lines

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61
Q

contour hatching

A

shading by following the shape of a form with parallel lines

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62
Q

Buttress

A

architectural structure built against or coming off a wall which gives wall support

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63
Q

balloon frame

A

building method where heavy timbers are replaced by thin studs held together by nails

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64
Q

assembling

A

method of putting found objects together to create a sculpture

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65
Q

arcade

A

series of arched columns in a row

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66
Q

armature

A

inner support for a sculpture

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67
Q

aquatint

A

etching process to obtain shaded areas in black, white, or color prints

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68
Q

analogous colors

A

colors next to each other on the color wheel

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69
Q

vanishing point

A

the point where all parallel lines recede

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70
Q

batik

A

wax that is used to resist paint or dye on fabric or paper
traditional textile art form of Indonesia
Design traditionally begins with a wax design applied to a piece of white cotton fabric.
1. Artists paint with hot melted wax on the dry fabric using a tool called tjanting.
2. The fabric is then placed in a light colored dye bath.
3. After the fabric is dyed, a new layer of wax pattern is applied and the fabric is dyed with a new color.
4. As each new layer of wax pattern is applied, the fabric is dipped in progressively darker dyes or left in dye baths for longer periods of time for a darker result

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71
Q

elements of art

A

texture, shape, tone, space, value, line, color

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72
Q

encaustic

A

use of colored wax for painting, often done on walls

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73
Q

secondary colors

A

orange, violet, green - made by mixing primary colors

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74
Q

Tertiary colors

A

yellow orange, red orange, red violet, blue violet, blue green, yellow green - made by mixing secondary and tertiary colors

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75
Q

tint

A

adding white to a color to lighten it

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76
Q

shade

A

adding black to a color to darken it (you can also create shades by adding a complimentary color to the color)

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77
Q

sgraffito

A

scratching through a surface to reveal a lower layer of a contrasting color

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78
Q

wedging

A

similar to kneading dough, process to remove air bubbles from clay

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79
Q

scoring

A

incising shallow lines into the surface of clay before joining two pieces of clay

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80
Q

insulating firebrick

A

porous firebrick with higher insulating values than soft brick

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81
Q

imitationalism

A

art theory which emphasizes literal qualities of the word
art imitates life, so art works try to accurately resemble real life objects, persons, events, etc. and this imitation evokes an artistic response in the observer/audience

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82
Q

iconoscope

A

used in early video cameras to convert light into electric waves, projecting an image

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83
Q

levigation

A

process of turning a substance into a fine powder or smooth paste

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84
Q

croquis

A

to make a quick sketch

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85
Q

kouroi

A

archaic greek statues whose poses, rigid with clenched fists, recall the stance of Egyptian statues
statues of standing male youths, primarily made from marble, life size, advancing left foot

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86
Q

Tessera

A

one of the small pieces, individual tile, used in mosaic work

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87
Q

Esquisse

A

French word meaning the 1st sketch of a picture or model of a statue

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88
Q

Rabbit Skin Glue

A

Traditional sizing for fabric support on panels, it seals porous fabric and isolates it from ground or oil paints
makes stretching canvas easy because the size shrinks as it dries. it is mixed with water to make a strong adhesion

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89
Q

Bracketing

A

process of shooting the same image using the same lighting but with different exposures

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90
Q

Macrame

A

process of knotting cords together to form a pattern

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91
Q

Film speed

A

measurement of films sensitivity to light

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92
Q

Shutter Speed

A

duration of the exposure
measures length of time the camera shutter is open
A fast shutter speed is used to capture a moving object in sharp focus. A slow shutter speed is used to create a blurred effect or to include more ambient light

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93
Q

Telephoto

A

a lense of 70mm or more

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94
Q

Aniconism

A

idea that artists should avoid naturalistic, figurative representation

95
Q

l

A

American society for testing and materials
is an international organization that sets safety requirements and publishes standards for consumer products, including art supplies
ASTM I indicates excellent lightfastness
ASTM II indicates very good lightfastness
ASTM III indicates a color is not sufficient lightfast

96
Q

Fat over lean

A

derives from the characteristics of media with a high oil content “fat” vs media with a lower oil content “lean”
bc of the difference in drying time, the paint with more oil must be painted over the paint with less oil
if the top layer contains less oil than the bottom later, the top layer will crack
to keep paint flexible and to aid in drying time - fat over Lean

97
Q

Tortillion

A

small blending stick made from tightly rolled paper
it is used with charcoal to created smudged fine details. To cover a larger area with darker tones, an artist would use a blending stump

98
Q

Engraving

A

type of intaglio printing in which lines are cut into a metal plate of copper or zinc to hold the ink. it was a dominant method of artistic reproduction before photography

99
Q

Dynamic range

A

measures the scale of light and dark in a photograph

100
Q

greenware

A

when clay is hard but not yet fired

101
Q

Turpentine

A

a mixture of oil and resin obtained from pines and some related trees that is used as a solvent and paint thinner
it presents a significant health risk for absorption through healthy, unbroken skin. in addition, it emits harmful vapors

102
Q

Acid Bath for etching

A

acids used for etching produce fumes that can cause health hazards so it requires good ventilation
When water is poured into acid, an exothermic chemical reaction releases heat, which may cause vigorous boiling and splashing. when acid is diluted with water, the cautionary rule to always add acid to the water is an important safety measure
should not place wood in an acid bath

103
Q

Tooth of paper

A

factor in determining the media that can be used on it
Chalk pastels require a noticeable tooth to catch the fine particles of color, other media, such as pen and ink, can be used on paper with virtually no tooth

104
Q

lacquers

A

can be made from both natural and synthetic components, they are used in many different applications and in many parts of the world, particularly Asia
When they dry, lacquer surfaces are extremely hard and most often glossy. However, they will crack and chip over time
Cinnabar colored lacquer is a popular form of decorative art used in China and other Asian countries dating back to antiquity.

105
Q

Enamel Paint

A

traditionally an oil based paint that dries to a hard glossy finish
some contemporary enamels are water based but these too yield a glossy finish
Enamel resists color fading, water, corrosion, rust, and chipping

106
Q

CL Label

A

stands for cautionary label and means not recommended for use with children under 12

107
Q

Marquetry

A

technique of forming geometric patterns out of wood

108
Q

Oil Gliding

A

process of applying gold leaf to a surface coated with adhesive

109
Q

Robography

A

artwork made of trivial items such as half eaten food, trash, etc

110
Q

Aleatoric composition

A

composition which is completely dependent on chance, being in the right place at the right time

111
Q

Polarizing filters

A

remove some light that is reflected straight towards the camera lens, thereby reducing glare or removing reflections from surfaces

112
Q

RBG

A

red, green, and blue, refers to an additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are mixed together to form any color
the electronic display screens or television and computer monitors use RGB to generate the colorful images you see on screen

113
Q

Papier-mâché

A

also known as paper mache,
a medium that involves gluing multiple layers of paper onto an armature

114
Q

Embroidery

A

ancient Chinese form of silk decoration
In China, the domestication of silkworms led to production of silk fabrics and threads which gave rise thousands of years ago to the art of silk embroidery

115
Q

Weaving Warp

A

Warp is the group of lengthwise threads that are held in tension on a frame or loom. Warp yarn must be strong since it is held under extreme tension. Traditionally, warp fibers are spun and plied wool, linen, or silk. Warping the loom is the process of setting these vertical threads prior to weaving and a well warped loom with even tension is a critical step for successful weaving

116
Q

Weaving Weft

A

Weft is the yarn that passes horizontally across the fabric roll. Weft yarn is shorter and governs the horizontal pattern repeat regardless of fabric width

117
Q

Daguerreotypes

A

early photographs produced by an obsolete photographic process named for Louis-Jacques-Mander Daguerre, the primary inventor
Highly detailed daguerreotype image is formed on a metal sheet with a highly polished silver surface without use of a negative
developed by exposure to mercury vapor
were the 1st practical form of a permanent photography

118
Q

Artwork mounting systems

A

important for them to provide sufficient strength, age, well, have no tendency to discolor, and be easily removed (reversible)
the safest archival mounting choice for 2D artwork, according to museum curators, utilizes a starch based adhesive with acid free paper hinges (wheat paste)
Pastels and Charcoal need to be mounted under glass or spray with a fixative

119
Q

Float Mounting

A

does not obscure the edges of a work and would be the most appropriate for showcasing the edges of a work on paper
raises the artwork or item in the frame slightly above the mat, to make it appear like it is floating

120
Q

Non-archival mat boards

A

may be acidic so long term result will most likely be a brown discoloration called mat burn along the edges of the work, a sign of potentially irreparable damage

121
Q

color field painting

A

a branch of abstract expressionism called post-painterly Abstraction by the famous art critic, Clement Greenberg
Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Lewis, and Mark Rothko are all considered within this stylistic school
Large abstract canvases painted or stained with glowing areas of overlapping and interacting flat color best characterized as Color Field painting

122
Q

Abbey Church of Saint Denis

A

innovative because it was the first to use a significant number of stained-glass windows
the stained glass introduced much more light and color into the interior than the smaller windows of the earlier churches

123
Q

Hypostyle Hall

A

large hall in which the roof is supported by several rows of columns topped with large horseshoe shaped arches
many traditional islamic mosques, such as the Great Mosque of Córdoba have it
They were extensively used in ancient Egypt (ex: temple of Amon at Karnak) and in Persia (ruins of Persepolis)

124
Q

Plaster Paris

A

type of plaster that may cause severe burns if it comes in contact with skin when it sets
sand or pumice can be added to reduce density

125
Q

Maquettes

A

can be plaster, wax, unfired clay, etc
small scale model or rough draft of an unfinished sculpture

126
Q

Rubber Cement

A

super hazardous - use it only in open areas and avoid contact with heat

127
Q

Pyrometric Cone

A

slender pyramids placed inside films to monitor ceramic firings
cones measure heat work, which is the combined effect of time and temp.
During firing, each cone begins to soften, melt, and bend as it is heated to a certain temp range

128
Q

Metal Casting

A

liquid metal is delivered into a mold that contains a negative impression of the intended shape
The metal is poured into the mold through a hollow channel called the sprue. The metal and mold are then cooled, and metal is extracted
Best done at professional foundry

129
Q

celadon

A

translucent ceramic glaze with a green cast that was invented in ancient China

130
Q

copyrighted material

A

public domain images are safe to use, as are images intended for personal or classroom use. It is generally considered acceptable for an artist to appropriate a copyrighted image in an artwork provided that the image is repurposed to create a valid parody of the original copyrighted work

131
Q

image noise

A

in digital photography, it is used to describe the visible grainy look, such as in the night sky

132
Q

Linseed oil

A

can be used to change how paint behaves
depending on the type of linseed oil used, it will either speed up or slow down drying time, changing the pigment and reducing the visibility of brush strokes
linseed oil soaked rags may present a dangerous fire hazard because of the oxidation of the concentrated oil, which heats up in and enclosed space and may result in spontaneous combustion. Best disposed in a metal lidded contained with a ventilated bottom
boil it to make it dry faster

133
Q

Time lapse photography

A

technique where the subject is shot from the same location in intervals of one second or more
it creates illusion of sped up time

134
Q

histogram

A

graphic representation of the tonal range of a photograph and provides a photographer with essential info for ensuring the correct exposure of an image

135
Q

Mandala

A

represents universe in Buddhism

136
Q

Koru Swirl

A

integral symbolic motif in Maori art including wood, bore, and jade carvings

137
Q

Lamassu

A

Colossal winged bull statues of deities that protected the doorways of Assyrian palaces
Lamassu sculptures and other artifacts were discovered during a 19th century excavation of ancient Mesopotamia (modern day N. Iraq)

138
Q

Art Restitution

A

legal process by which artworks that were seized during Nazi occupation in Europe were returned to their rightful owners ex: klimts painting

139
Q

Whistler Ruskin trial

A

infamous in art history
whistler sued ruskin for a critic

140
Q

Chroma

A

used to indicate a color’s saturation or perceived strength level, called the chromatic intensity
the brighter the color, the higher the chroma
the
a color’s level of vibrance or dullness determined by the amt. of grey added
high chroma - more vibrant
low chroma - more dull, darker

141
Q

allegory

A

when the subject of the artwork, or the various elements that form the composition is used to symbolize a deeper moral or spiritual meaning such as life, death, love, virtue, etc
in relation to modern art, allegory is when one narrative might mean another
artists who use allegory are revealing how objects can hold not one, but many meanings

142
Q

slip casting

A

most suitable technique for the mass production of pottery and ceramic from porcelain
the technique,, which involves a liquid clay body called slip being poured into remade plaster molds, has been used for centuries to form like figurines and teapots with complex ornamentation

143
Q

Acid free paper

A

type of paper that when infused in water yields a neutral or basic pH
it does not deteriorate and therefore addresses the problem of preserving documents and artwork for long periods

144
Q

Bronze Age Greek works

A

Ex: Mycenanean Mask of Agammemon
make use of repousse technique which involves pounding a sheet of metal from the back to create a low relief

145
Q

Salon style

A

method of hanging art in large groupings that extent higher or lower than the traditional eye level method
hanging style derives from the Salon, a prestigious art exhibition of the French Academy of Fine Arts, in which paintings were typically displayed on every available inch of wall space

146
Q

Fiber Art

A

traditionally a domestic craft, fiber art rose to prominence as a female dominated art form as part of the feminist movement in the 1970s

147
Q

Benin relief plaques

A

were made from hot liquid brass that was cast using the lost wax (cire Perdue) technique

148
Q

Terra sigillata

A

technique that was 1st developed in Ancient Greece
An ultra refined clay slip that when applied to bone dry pottery and polished or burnished may produce a very smooth, lustrous surface finish
ancient Greeks and Romans used this technique in lieu of glaze

149
Q

Megaliths

A

means great stones
massive stones used to build Stonehenge and other ancient monuments

150
Q

symmetry

A

formal balance consisting of a mirroring portions of an image

151
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

2 sided symmetry - 2 halves of a work of art mirror each other

152
Q

radical symmetry

A

created when an image is symmetrical around a central point or axis

153
Q

approximate symmetry

A

close to perfect but something about it makes it not perfectly symmetrical - ex: two Fridas

154
Q

Solarization

A

creates a reversal of tones in a photograph through prolonged exposure or exposure to extremely bright light
in the past, photographers such as Man Ray experimented with producing this effect in the darkroom. Today it can be achieved using photo editing software

155
Q

Laid Paper

A

paper with impressions of parallel lines due to the pulp resting against wires on the screen as paper is being made

156
Q

“key out”

A

In painting, to “key out” refers to the outward stretch of the stretcher bars as a canvas is being prepared
- keys are the small devices found in interlocking corners of wooden stretcher bars used to produce tension
- increases the tautness of the canvas on stretcher bars

157
Q

wedge

A

also means keys
8 wedges are needed to fit into slots on the inside of each corner of the assembled stretcher

158
Q

Balsa

A

the lightest wood in weight out of basswood, chestnut, aspen, and balsa
a well known softwood of cellular structure and extraordinarily light weight

159
Q

Cornice

A

the topmost horizontal part of an entablature
the entablature is the portion of a column above the capital
from top to bottom, the entablature consists of the cornice, the frieze, and the architrave

160
Q

roman mosaics

A

had smooth flat finishes, they used minute pieces for realistic detail, the subjects were often secular, and used opaque marble cubes

161
Q

Crossing

A

refers to the space in a cruciform church formed by the intersection of the nare and transept

162
Q

Majolica

A

type of earthenware with an enameled, lustered surface that is created through the application of a tin glaze
it was first introduced to Italy in the 15th century

163
Q

genre painting

A

depict scenes of everyday life and common activities

164
Q

muller

A

a tool used to grind pigment and oil mixtures

165
Q

imprimatura

A

a layer of paint applied to a ground. it provides a transparent, toned background color for painting. the imprimatura is covered by successive transparent layers, and the colors of the layers seem to blend

166
Q

Lightfastness

A

how the pigment of the art materials you are using interact with light itself and it is a measurement of a pigment’s ability to resist fading or discoloration under normal circumstances (sunlight, ultraviolet light
good lightfastness = not going to fade easily

167
Q

lake

A

pigment made by precipitating or fixing a dye upon an inert pigment or lake base
the process requires a high degree of skill to produce good results
lake are made in a great range of hues and strengths

168
Q

Mineral spirits

A

refined petroleum spirits
dries more quickly than turpentine
mineral spirits is not becoming more popular than turpentine as a diluent because it has several advantages: it is less harmful, does not deteriorate in storage, its smell is less pronounced than that of turpentine, and it is much cheaper

169
Q

triptych

A

hinged painted or relief screen made of three panels, the central are generally being sufficiently larger than the two sides to permit their being folded in for storage
most frequently used as an altarpiece

170
Q

Illuminations (illuminated manuscripts)

A

hand written books with painted decoration that generally includes precious metals such as gold or silver

171
Q

Tapestry

A

woven wall hangings, created by weaving threads together on a loom

172
Q

Cross Stitch

A

form of embroidery that uses X-shaped stitches to create a design
typically uses even-weave fabric, such as Aida Cloth, which has evenly spaced holes for easy counting and placement of stitches

173
Q

needlepoint

A

form of canvas work that uses a canvas fabric, typically made up of cotton or linen, and a special needle point needle to create stitched designs

174
Q

mixing proportions for plaster

A

1 quart of water to 5 lbs of plaster

175
Q

Bricolage, collage, farrago

A

all refer to art created out of a collection of found and seemingly random materials

176
Q

pinnate

A

refers to anything that is feather -shaped

177
Q

nitric acid

A

an oxidizing agent that can react with any of the other supplies to cause an explosion or fire

178
Q

Earthenware

A

low fired clay body. glazed pottery that is fired to a temp 1.830 to 2,010 degrees F (or below 2192 degrees F)

179
Q

The Golden ratio

A

is a proportional ratio that is obtained by dividing a line so that the shorter part is to the longer part as the longer part Is to the whole
1:1.618
creates a uniformly visually pleasing image

180
Q

local color

A

true color of an object rather than how it is documented by the artist

181
Q

hot pressed paper

A

paper with a smooth hard surface, great for precise drawing

182
Q

cold pressed paper

A

adds texture and colors are less vibrant

183
Q

Benin sculpture

A

are in wood and bronze

184
Q

parsemage

A

refers to the process of collecting dust from charcoal or chalk that has been sprinkled on the water’s surface by skimming a piece of paper under it

185
Q

beveling

A

cutting the edge of something at an angle

186
Q

glassine

A

a thin, dense, glossy-surfaced translucent paper that is resistant to the passage of air and dirt. It is used as a wrapping material, or to separate sheets of paper

187
Q

bat (in ceramics)

A

a flat disk of plaster or wood to form pottery on. one should be used when throwing a bowl or a plate

188
Q

mola

A

clothing which has two laters, the top cut to form a design

189
Q

bitmaps

A

in computer art paint programs, images are stored as pixels, a series of tiny dots are called bitmaps

190
Q

rugosity

A

having wrinkles ridged

191
Q

Décollage

A

the process of tearing away parts of posters or other images which are adhered to each other in layers, so that portions of the underlayers contribute to the final image

192
Q

Putti

A

popular during the Baroque and Renaissance periods. Artists such as Raphael often included figures of young, nude children in their work

193
Q

Hard Edge painting

A

a painting technique with an even solid application

194
Q

isocephaly

A

having all the heads the same level, Greek art

195
Q

Pop art

A

a movement composed of initially Britsh, then American artists in the 1950s and 1960s, which was characterized by references to imagery and products from popular culture, media, and advertising

196
Q

Fumage

A

a method of making an image with smoke fumes = invented by Wolfgang, Pallen

197
Q

Benday dots

A

printing process named after illustrator an printer Benjamin Henry Day Jr. is a technique dating from 1879. Depending on the effect, color, and optical illusion, small colored dots are closely spaced, widely spaced or overlapping

198
Q

Firebrick

A

an insulation brick used to hold the heat in the kiln and withstand high temperatures

199
Q

fugitive pigment

A

the tendency for pigment to change color under natural influences - light , heat, water

200
Q

doric columns

A

thicker and shorter,
cor - elaborate floral designs
ionic - taller of the three

201
Q

Frottage

A

to rub a crayon on paper over a textured surface

202
Q

leveling

A

the ability of a coating to form a smooth film without brush marks appearing. higher quality latex paint has superior leveling ability

203
Q

Ziggurat

A

a terraced pyramid form comprising successively receding stories

204
Q

Graver

A

also known as burin
a tool that is used for engraving metal, wood, or stone
it typically has a knob like handle which holds a metal shift with a sharp beveled point

205
Q

Baldacchino

A

an ornamental canopy on columns over a tomb

206
Q

representationalism

A

The doctrine that the immediate object of knowledge, is an idea in the mind from external object which is the occasion of perception

207
Q

Ghent alterpiece

A

by jan and Hubert van Eyck, created in 1432 during romansqeue period in europe

208
Q

Recto and Verso

A

in terms of manuscript, the front and rear sides of paper

209
Q

type of paper used in book of Kells

A

parchment - lavish book of the gospels - illustrated

210
Q

infrared reflectography

A

is used to examine the ground layer of a painting. The resulting images allow art historians to research the drawings beneath the paint, such as signatures or alterations

211
Q

Ceramic Glaze

A

made from glass

212
Q

ash can school

A

artists which focused on portraying the daily life of Americans, often as the poorer level
group of American artists active from 1908 to 1918. It included members of the Eight such as Henri and Davies, Hopper was also part of the Ash Can group. Their work featured scenes of urban realism

213
Q

JPEG

A

compresses file size by selectively discarding data

214
Q

Acantilus

A

an ambiguous flower and a style of plant used for the caps of the Corinthian columns

215
Q

Gyotaku

A

a relief print made from an actual fish, and sometimes from a shell, leaf, or other objects found in nature

216
Q

Photogravure

A

image produced from a negative transferred to a metal plate, and etched

217
Q

Flange

A

used to strengthen an object, hold it in place, or attach it to another object

218
Q

Whiteware

A

class of ceramic products that include porcelain, china, pottery, earthenware, stoneware and vitreous tile, are usually but not necessarily white, and consists of typically of clays, feldspar, potter’s flint, and whiting

219
Q

institutionalism

A

aesthetic philosophy claiming that the value of a work of art is determined by museums and galleries

220
Q

hardbrick

A

hard, dense firebrick generally used in high stress areas of a kiln

221
Q

cement

A

its invention allowed romans to build large spaces

222
Q

deconstructionism

A

an architectural movement of style influenced by deconstruction that encourages radical freedom of from and the open manifestation of complexity in a building rather than the strict attention to functional concerns and conventional design elements

223
Q

Egg tempera

A

2nd oldest medium after encaustic
it was used by the ancient Egyptians and Greeks and perfected by the icon painters during the last 100 years of the Byzantine empire
a permanent fast drying painting medium consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder medium (usually a glutinous material such as egg yolk, or some other size)

224
Q

arabseque

A

an intricate spiritual design of repeated lines, often in the form of plants
symbolize the limitless nature of creation

225
Q

fibula

A

pin or broach

226
Q

expressionism

A

an artistic style that departs from the conventions of realism and naturalism and seeks to convey inner experience by distorting rather than directly representing natural images

227
Q

hybridity

A

a movement where artists work with emerging technologies and sciences

228
Q

Minimalism

A

aims to reduce a work of art to a minimum numbers of elements and it also known as ABC art, Rejective art, and Reductivism

229
Q

sulfur

A

harmful substances, printmaking plastalina contains

230
Q

glid

A

to cover a surface with a thin layer of gold

231
Q

leatherhard

A

stage of the clay between plastic and bone dry
clay is still damp enough to join it to other pieces using slip

232
Q

CLUT

A

color look up table, 256 colors found in an 8 bit image

233
Q

crazing

A

surface cracks on oil paintings due to unequal drying times

Praxis Art Content and Knowledge (4 decks)

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