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Praxis Art Content and Knowledge > Artists > Flashcards

Artists Flashcards

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1
Q

Eugene Delacroix

A

He was an artist who led the French Romantic movement and is known for having free-flowing expressive brushstrokes that emphasize color rather than the definite form of figures. He also uses intense areas of light

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2
Q

Giorgio Chirico

A

Italian artist who is widely known for this contributions to the world of metaphysical painting. He influenced artists such as Max Ernst, Salvador Dali, René Magritte, Carlo Carra, and Sylvia Plath. metaphysical tend to portray some alternative reality of unconscious mind.

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3
Q

Jacob Lawrence

A

Harlem Renaissance artist who painted using flattened figure shapes and bright contrasting colors to depict scenes related to the experience of African Americas during the 19th and 20th centuries. He painted the Migration series which are works consisting of 60 panels that tell the story of the Great Migration that African Americans went on.
uses variety of repeated shapes and colors to create an intricate combination of rhythms in the composition of Border Ship

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4
Q

John Constable

A

English landscape painter. He used natural color stippled with white to demonstrate shifting atmosphere and changing seasons. He painted The Hay Wain in 1821.

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5
Q

Jean-Baptitse Camille Corot

A

He was an active member of the Barbizon School, a group of naturalist landscape painters in France in the 1840s and 1850s. He is a key figure in landscape painting and his paintings reference both Neo-Classical tradition and plein-air innovations of Impressionism.

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6
Q

Josiah Wedgewood

A

A prominent English potter instrumental in raising pottery and china to a fine art. Credited with industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. 1730-1795
After neoclassical style was popularized by architects, Wedgewood went to work in order to develop a new ceramic body that would harmonize with the pastel shades of Robert Adam’s interior walls and delicate white plasterwork
wedgewood pottery - signature pastel colored jasper ware with white relief ornamentation

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7
Q

Nam June Paik

A

the first video artist, often associated with video installations

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8
Q

Erich Lessing

A

Austrian photographer, associated with Magnum Photos, who photographed politics in postwar communist Europe

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9
Q

Paula Modersohn Becker

A

German painter and one of the most important representatives of early expressionism

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10
Q

Robert Mapplethorpe

A

American photographer known for his large-scale highly stylized black and white portraits, photos of flowers and nude men, along with celebrity portraits and homoerotic subjects.

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11
Q

The Limbourg Brothers

A

painted part of Trés Riches Heures, a Gothic Book of Hours. They were highly skilled miniature painters active at end of 14th century and beginning of 15th century

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12
Q

Ducccio

A

known for the Maestá or Maestá of Duccio; an altarpiece composed of many individual paintings commissioned by the city of Siena in 1308.

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13
Q

Donatello

A

sculptor created sculptures that were a naturalistic variation on classical sculpture
created the 1st bronze statue since Roman times, David - free standing statue
brought back free-standing statues, which required greater anatomical detail and accuracy. his pieces are easily characterized by long flowing ideas.

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14
Q

Diego Rivera

A

Mexican Painter known for painting social/political murals. Helped establish the Mexican Mural movement. Painted murals in Detroit, NY, and San Fransisco.

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15
Q

Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon

A

African art, Cubism.
5 nudes chopped into planes and arcs as though brush were a butcher knife.
3 masks on left are derived from archaic Spanish sculpture, 2 on right are African
all are starring with hypnotic fixity

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16
Q

Jean Michel Basquiat

A

artist born in NY, of a Haitian Puerto Rican descended, who started as a graffiti artist in the 1970s and evolved into an acclaimed Neo-expressionist and Primitivist painter by the 1980s

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17
Q

blaue Reiter, der (the blue rider)

A

group of avant-garde German expressionists

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18
Q

Bruce, die (the bridge)

A

German expressionist painters from Dresden working c. 1905

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19
Q

Salvador Dali

A

Spanish Surrealist artist and one of the most important painters of the 20th century. Skilled draftsman, best known for striking, bizarre, and beautiful images in his surrealist work. Painterly skills are often attributed to influence of Renaissance masters.

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20
Q

Vincent Van Gogh

A

Dutch post impressionist painter noted for his use of color. Experimented with sharp brush lines and bright colors. Used impasto technique

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21
Q

Frida Kahlo

A

famous female artist from Mexico whose artwork was influenced by the personal tragedies in her life (accident, polio, divorce with Rivera)

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22
Q

Rembrandt

A

Dutch painter who painted portraits of wealthy middle class merchants and used sharp contrasts of light and shadow to draw attention to his focus 1606-1669

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23
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Expressionism. Semi-abstracted figures, fondness of triptychs and disturbing themes

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24
Q

Alexander Calder

A

created sculptures that moved in space, kinetic sculpture. Invented the mobile

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25
Q

Christo

A

created large land works many consisting on wrapping vast natural areas, Created new ways of seeing familiar landscapes.

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26
Q

El Greco

A

Greek artists who did most of his greatest work in Spain. Greatest of his Mannerist artwork with his use of elongated figures and unnatural pigments - burial of Count Orgaz and Toledo are two important examples of his work

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27
Q

Thomas Eakins

A

specialized in painting the everyday life of working-class men and women and used the new technology of serial-actions photographs to study human anatomy and paint it more realistically

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28
Q

Piet Mondrian

A

Dutch painter whose work (intersecting lines at right angles and planes in primary colors) influenced the development of abstract art. (1872-1944)

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29
Q

Wassily Kandinsky

A

Russian Painter, printmaker, and art theorist
One of the most famous 20th century artists, he is credited with painting the 1st modern abstract works

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30
Q

Marcel Duchamp

A

1887-1968
French painter who became a prominent exponent of Dada created shocking pieces with his readymade found objects, like the Fountain
painted the mustache on Mona Lisa which he called L.H.O.O.Q.

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31
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

Italian painter, engineer, musician, scientist, inventor
filled notebooks with engineering and scientific observations that were in some cases ahead of their time
Best known for the Last Supper (1495) and Mona Lisa (1503).
First to study and record the human body through pictures and paintings
born in Vinci, Italy in April 15th 1452

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32
Q

Verrochio

A

sculptor, sculptured “David”, depicted underdeveloped, jewish boy David and florence’s freedom loving spirit
boy stands challenging over Goliath’s head

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33
Q

I.M. Pei

A

Pritzier Prize winning Chinese-born American architect, known as the last master of high modernist architecture

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34
Q

Joseph Beuyr

A

German performance artist, sculpturer, installation artist, graphic artist, art theorist, and pedagogue of art. His extensive work in grounded in concepts of humanism social philosophy. Career was characterized by passionate, even acrimonious public debate, but he is now regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.

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35
Q

Claes Oldenburg

A

A pop artist who produced soft sculptures of gigantic everyday objects made of canvas and vinyl such as food, toilets, and mixers

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36
Q

James Whistler

A

a member of the realist movement, although his works were often moody and eccentric
best known for his arrangement in Black and Grey, No. 1. also known as Whistler’s Mother

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37
Q

Edgar Degas

A

a nineteenth century French Painter and sculptor. Among his preferred subjects were ballet dances and scenes of cafe life
inspired by Japanese prints and exposure to photography led him to compose work so that the subject matter appears cropped

38
Q

Henry Moore

A

British Abstract Sculptor who was the most influential and famous sculpture of his generation. Famous for his large abstract forms

39
Q

Louise Nevelson

A

assembled found objects and wood scraps in boxes, stacked together to make one large composition, usually painted in black and white

40
Q

Paul Gaugin

A

post impressionist artist (1848-1903) who was susceptible to depression, thought that European art lacked deep symbolism and he was therefore drawn to the art forms in different lands such as South America, Japan, and Africa.
“Where do we come from. what are we. where are we going”
“Yellow Christ”

41
Q

Claude Monet

A

French Painter who used a impressionism called “super realism” capture overall impression of the thing he was painting
impressionist painter
painted waterlilies, Rouen Cathedral series, and haystacks series

42
Q

Romare Bearden

A

Images concerned with his own personal experiences, history, literature, and art
lived during the Harlem Renaissance, affected by intellectual, artistic, and political happenings
collages use a lot of materials: fabrics, paper, foil, photographs, etc.

43
Q

French Curves

A

inspired famous series of works by Frank Stella in the early 1980’s. Designs that are created using flat drafting tools with curved edges and vaulted cut-outs

44
Q

Barnett Newman

A

known for his abstract expressionist works that were created with blocks of color and vertical lines, that he referred to as zips

45
Q

The Fourteenth Street School of New York City

A

refers to the work of Kenneth Hayes Miller and his students in the mid 1900s. All members were realists in the tradition of the Italian Renaissance

46
Q

Frederic Auguste Bartholdi

A

built Statue of Liberty

47
Q

Aaron Douglas

A

A Harlem Renaissance painter whose work celebrates African American versatility and adaptability, depicting people in a variety of settings 1899-1979

48
Q

James Van Derzee

A

The most accomplished comprehensive black photographer in history. His style was stark realism and dreamy romanticism. Known for photographs of Harlem NY

49
Q

Kathe Kollwitz

A

German Expressionist whose work offered an eloquent and often searing account go the human condition, and the tragedy of war, in the 1st half of the 20th century
she was in Hannah Hoch’s cut with a kitchen knife collage

50
Q

Jenny Holzer

A

Conceptual artist known for incorporating text into her work

51
Q

Robert Smithson

A

constructed the Spiral Jetty

52
Q

William Blake

A

painter and printmaker of Romanticism
held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work
works: The Song of Los, The lovers Whirlwind, Ancient of Days

53
Q

Thomas Gainsborough

A

A British portrait and landscape painter
works: The Blue Boy

54
Q

Nicholas Poussin

A

French painter in the classical baroque style
Themes of tragedy and death are prevalent in Poussin’s work
Work: Et in Arcadia Ego
subject he painted twice, exemplifies his cerebral approach
idealized Shepards examine a tomb inscribed with the title, phrase, which is usually interpreted as a memento mori “Even in Arcadia, I exist” as if spoken by personified death
his work is characterized by clarity, logic, and order. favors line over color

55
Q

Artists influenced by Japanese Prints

A

Mary Cassatt, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Van Gogh, Henri Lautrec, James Whistler

56
Q

Pop artists

A

Rothko, Warhol, Litchenstein

57
Q

Rene Magritte

A

known for strange juxtaposition and use of scale
Work: Time Transfixed

58
Q

Julio Gonzalez

A

head sculpture - use of metal and negative space

59
Q

Mies Van der Rohe and Lily Reich

A

designed the Barcelona Chair
both modernist designers with ties to the Bauhaus
Barcelona Chair is an example of Bauhaus inspired design and was created for the German Pavillon at the International Exposition of 1929 hosted by Barcelona Spain
Bauhaus was a German design school that famously combined fine arts, craft, and industrial design
Bauhaus style had a profound influence on Modernist architecture and modern design.

60
Q

Frank Lloyd Wright

A

American architect and designer
his Prairie house was influenced by Japanese art and buildings
designed the guggenheim museum exterior

61
Q

David Hockney

A

English painter, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, and photographer
one of the most influential British artists of the 20th and 21st centuries
Works: Portrait of An Artist (Pool with Two Figures)

62
Q

Color Field Painters

A

Artists: Helen Frankenthaler, Mark Rothko, Clyford Still, Sam Gilliam
Color Field Painting is a style of abstract painting in which it dominates form and texture. It Is different than abstract expressionism because these artists eliminated both the emotional, mythic, or religious content of the earlier movement and the highly personal and painterly or gestural application associated with it

63
Q

Masaccio

A

first painter in Renaissance to incorporate Brunelleschi’s linear perspective, in his art
he did it in the Holy Trinity in his fresco
orthogonal can be seen in the edges of the coffers in the ceiling
use of forms of classical architecture

64
Q

Abstract Expressionist Artists

A

Kandinsky, Gorky, Hoffman, Graham, Pollock, Williem de Kooning, Philip Guston

65
Q

Pointillism Artists

A

George Seurat, Paul Signac, Henri Edmond Cross

66
Q

Rodin

A

naturalist sculptor who was less concerned with monumental expression than with character and emotion
He turned away from the idealism of the Greeks and the decorative beauty of the Baroque and Neo baroque movements
his sculpture emphasized the individual and concreteness of flesh, and suggested emotion through detailed, textured surfaces, and the interplay of light and shadow
works: the Thinker

67
Q

Albrecht Dürer

A

is considered one of the greatest printmakers of all time
did both woodcuts and copper engravings and attained great level of detail
known prints: The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, the Knight, The Death and the Devil, Melancholia, and St. Jerome

68
Q

Michelangelo

A

Italian Painter, sculptor, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance
his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man

69
Q

Jacques Louis David

A

influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era
marked the shift from Rococo towards classical austerity
strongest influence in French art of the early 19th century on academic Salon painting
Works: Oath of Horat, The Death of Marat

70
Q

Francisco de Goya

A

Spanish Romantic painter and printmaker regarded as both the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns
subversive imaginative element in his art, as well as his bold handling of paint, provided a model for the work of later generations of artists, notably Manet, Picasso, and Francis Bacon
Works: The Third of May 1908

71
Q

Ingres

A

French Neoclassical artist
assumed the role of a guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ascendant Romantic style

72
Q

J.M.W Turner

A

British Romantic landscape painter
was considered a controversial figure in his day, but is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivaling history painting
his work is regarded as a Romantic preface to Impressionism
Works: The Slave Ship

73
Q

Hokusai

A

Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period
printed with woodblock and watercolor, perfect registration
influenced Manet and impressionists towards flatter style of depth in imagery

74
Q

Titian

A

He was one of the most versatile of Italian painters because he could paint portraits, landscapes, backgrounds, and mythological and religious subjects.
the most important member of the 16th century Venetian school
his painting methods, particularly in the application and use of color, would be a great influence not only on painters of the Italian Renaissance, but on future generations of Western art
Works: Venus of Urbino

75
Q

Edouard Manet

A

one of the 1st 19th century artists to approach modern and post modern life subjects
pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism
Works: Olympia

76
Q

Gustave Courbet

A

a French painter who led the Realist movement in the 19th century France
the realist movement bridged the Romantic movement with the Barbizon School and the Impressionists
occupies an important place in 19th century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social commentary in his work; worked directly from photographs

77
Q

Honore Daumuer

A

French printmaker, caricaturist, painter, and sculptor, whose many works offer commentary on social and political life in France in the 19th century
works: Rue Transnonain

78
Q

Barbara Kruger

A

American conceptual artist and collagist associated with the Pictures Generation
most known for her collage style that consists of black and white photographs, overlaid with declarative captions, stated in white on red Futura Bold Oblique or Helvetica Ultra Condensed text

79
Q

Barbizon School

A

part of an art movement in France towards Realism in art, which arose in the context of the dominant Romantic Movement
Tonal variations, minimal color, loose brushstrokes, and softness of form
Artists: Rosa Bonheur, Jean-Baptitse Corot, Miller

80
Q

Filippo Brunelleschi

A

a leading architect of the Italian Renaissance and generally recognized as being the 1st modern engineer
Brunelleschi’s major architectural work was the massive dome he designed and constructed for the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fione (the Duomo) of FLorence
his development of 1 point perspective greatly contributed to the ability of the Renaissance artists to depict deep pictorial space on a 2d surface

81
Q

Max Ernst

A
  • key member of first Dada then Surrealism in Europe in the 1910s and 1920s
  • Used a variety of mediums - painting, collage, printmaking, sculpture, and various unconventional drawing methods
  • He combined illusionistic technique with a cut and paste logic to make believable expressing disjunctions of the mind
  • He often used automatic techniques to free his unconscious imagination and provide inspiration for new subject matter
  • In some of his later work, such as Europe after the Rain II, he experimented with a process called decalcomania to create the foliage like patterns that provided the basis for this strange and dreamlike landscape
82
Q

Robert Adam

A

British neoclassical architect, interior designer, and furniture designer
The decorative motifs of the 18th century architect Robert Adam are most similar to those found on Wedgewood pottery
Adam style: use of ornament, light and fanciful, insistence and stylistic coherence across every element of his interiors

83
Q

Paul Cezanne

A

French post impressionist painter
The abstraction typical of Analytic Cubism has roots in the work of Paul Cezanne

84
Q

Jeff Koons

A

Known for appropriating nostalgic kitsch objects into his sculptural work
his balloon dog sculptures for ex, are enormous stainless steel replicas as a cheap inflated souvenir one might find at a carnival

85
Q

Matthew Barney

A

contemporary artist known for creating large scale artworks that encompass a variety of media
The Cremaster cycle is an epic multimedia extravaganza that includes feature films, sculpture, photographs, installation, an performance art

86
Q

Keith Haring

A

Beginning as NYC street and subway art in the early 1980s, Keith Haring’s colorful cartoonish motifs commented on popular culture and contemporary issues such as Aids, sexual orientation, and drug addication

87
Q

Caravaggio

A

Italian painter whose work is best characterized by its dramatic use of light and gritty naturalism

88
Q

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

A

extremely successful 17th century Italian sculptor, painter, and architect
His Corner Chapel, commissioned by Cardinal Federico Cornaro is considered a masterpiece of the Baroque style

89
Q

William Hogarth

A

18th century painter and graphic artist who produced series of pictures that functioned chiefly as social satire

90
Q

Mary Cassatt

A

American painter and printmaker
she was invited by Degas to join the group of independent artists later known as the Impressionists
exhibited in 4 of their 8 shows
she was influenced by Japanese prints and with exposure to photography, she was one of the artists who adapted the strategy of cropping the subject matter

Praxis Art Content and Knowledge (4 decks)

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