Art Movements and different types of art

Question 1

Mesopotamian

Answer 1

Warrior art and narration in stone relief
3500 b.c. to 539 b.c.
ex: standard of Ur, Gate of Ishtar, Stele of Hammurabi’s Code

Question 1

Stone Age

Answer 1

cave painting, fertility, goddesses, megalithic structures
30,000 b.c - 2500 b.c.
ex: Lascaux Cave painting, woman of willendorf, Stonehenge

Question 2

Egyptian

Answer 2

art with an afterlife focus: pyramids and tomb painting
3100 b.c. to 30 b.c.
Ex: Imhotep, Step pyramid, bush of Nefertiti

Question 3

Greek and Helenistic

Answer 3

Greek idealism: balance, perfect proportions,
architectural orders: doric, ionic, Corinthian
850 b.c. to 31 b.c.
Ex: Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, Polykleitas, Praxiteles

Question 4

Roman

Answer 4

Roman realism: practical and down to earth: the arch (500 b.c. - 476 a.d.)
ex: Augustus of primaporta, colosseum, trojan’s column, pantheon

Question 5

Indian, Chinese, Japanese

Answer 5

serene, meditative art, and arts of the Floating World
653 b.c. - 1900 a.d.
ex: Gu Kaizhi, Li Chenge, Guo Xi, Hokasai, Hiroshige

Question 6

Byzantine and Islamic

Answer 6

Heavenly Byzantine mosaics; Islamic architecture and amazing maze like designs
476 a.d to 1453 a.d.
ex: Hagia Sophia, Andre Rublev, mosque of Córdoba, the Alhambra

Question 7

Middle Ages

Answer 7

Celtic art, Carolingian Renaissance, Romanesque, Gothic
500 to 1400
ex: st. sernin, durham cathedral, notre dame, chartres, Cimabue, duccio, giotto

Question 8

Early and High Renaissance

Answer 8

Rebirth of Classsical culture (1400-1550)
ex: Ghiberti’s doors, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael

Question 9

Venetian and North Renaissance

Answer 9

Renaissance spreads north-ward to France, the Low Countries, Poland, Germany, and England
1430 to 1550
Ex: Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Durer, Bruegel, Boschi, Jan Van Eyck, Rogier van der weyden

Question 10

Mannerism

Answer 10

a style that bridged the High Renaissance and the Baroque and lasted roughly from 1520 to 1580.
exhibited a sense of artificiality, with elongated proportions, strained poses, ambiguous space, and lack of clear perspective
art that breaks the rules; artifice over nature
ex: Tintoretto, El Greco, Pontormo, Bronzino, Cellini

Question 11

Baroque

Answer 11

reaction against the Renaissance (“Counter Reformation”
1600-1750
splendor and flourish for God, art as a weapon in the religious wars
3 visual characteristics: Emotion, Motion/Movement, Drama that involves the viewer
In Italian Baroque, divinity and the world were expressed through Emotion
Artists: Reubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Poussin, Bernini

Question 12

Neoclassical

Answer 12

characterized by clarity of form, sober colors, shallow space, strong horizontal and verticals that render that subject matter timeless, and classical subject matter
- preferred the well-delineated form
clear drawing and modeling
- drawing considered more important than painting
- neoclassical surface had to be perfectly smooth - no evidence of brush strokes to naked eye
- art that recaptures Greco-Roman grace and Grande
Artists: David, Ingres, Greuze, Canova

Question 13

Romanticism

Answer 13

emphasis on imagination and emotion
Romanticism emerged as a response to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment values of reason and order in the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789
- originality of artist = central notion of Romanticism
- nature offered an alternative to the ordered world of Enlightenment thought
- portraits became vehicles for expressing a range of psychological and emotional states in the hands of Romantic painters
- romantic fascination with animals as both forces of nature and metaphors for human behavior
Artists: Casper. Friedrich, Gericauh, Delacroix, Turner, Benjamin West

Question 14

Realism

Answer 14

Celebrating working class and peasants; en plain air rustic painting
realistic scenes, looking at them as if we are there with them
Artists: Corot, Courbet, Daumier, Millet

Question 15

Art Nouvea

Answer 15

decorative art movement popular throughout Europe and beyond, which helped usher in a modern style in art and design
- artists associated with the Art Nouveau movement sought to create works of art that were suited to the realities of the Industrial Age and in which fine and decorative arts were integrated into a unified whole
- frequently incorporated modern materials and organic forms in the creation of art, decorative art, and architecture
- emphasis on linear contour, drew inspiration from organic forms
Artists: Aubrey Beardsley, Gustav Klimt, Alphonse Mucha, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Question 16

Arts and Craft Movement

Answer 16

a revolt against the mass produced goods developed during the Industrial Revolution
- arts and craft designers sought to improve standards of decorative design, believed to have been debased by mechanization, and to create environments in which beautiful and fire workmanship governed
- did not promote a particular style, but did advocate reform as part of its philosophy and instigated a critique of industrial labour
- often featured medieval and folk art designs

Question 17

Art Deco

Answer 17

modern art style that attempts to infuse functional objects with artistic touches
- repetitive use of linear and geometric shapes including triangular, zigzagged, trapezoidal, and chevron patterned forms
when flowers, animals, or human figures are represented, they are highly stylized and simplified

Question 18

Pre-Raphaelites

Answer 18

group of artists of the 19th century who had a mutual distaste for contemporary academic painting and intended to reform art by rejecting this approach by returning to abundant detail, intense color, and complex compositions of quattrocento Italian and Flemish art
- painters: Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Holman Hunt, Edward Burnes-Jones
- had such small details and symbols
- believed in art of serious subjects treated with maximum realism
- when their paintings were first painted in mid 19th century, they were regarded as assaults on the eye, objectionable in terms of their realism and morally shockingnaz

Question 19

nazarenes

Answer 19

group of German artists founded in 1809
their aim was to regenerate German Painting by returning to the purity to the early renaissance
- religious devotion
- first effective anti academic movement in European painting
they believed all art should serve a moral or religious purpose
- naturalistic style, overcrowded compositions, over attention to detail, lack of coloristic of formal vitality