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Unit 4 Science 9 > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

static electricity

A

a charge produced
by rubbing or touching objects
together

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2
Q

Law of Charges

A 
Laws that describe
the behaviour between charged and
uncharged objects:
1. Unlike charges attract
2. Like charges repel
3. Charged objects attract uncharged
(neutral) objects
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3
Q

Insulators

A

any material in which the
charge stays on the spot where the
object is rubbed; most non-metals
are insulators

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4
Q

conductors

A

materials that allow
charges to move freely; most metals
are conductors

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5
Q

Superconductor

A

materials that offer
little or no resistance to the flow of
charges

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6
Q

discharge

A

the re balancing of
an unbalanced charge; felt as a shock
or seen as a spark

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7
Q

Circuit

A

path for transmitting electric current.

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8
Q

Battery

A

a combination of cells, either

wet or dry

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9
Q

galvanometer

A

an instrument used to

measure very weak current

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10
Q

ammeter

A

an instrument used to measure larger currents

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11
Q

ampere

A

the unit used to measure
electric current (A). Milliamperes
(mA) is also commonly used

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12
Q

potential difference

A

the difference
in potential energy per unit of charge
between one point in the circuit and
another point in the circuit

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13
Q

voltmeter

A

the instrument used to

measure voltage

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14
Q

resistance

A

the property of a substance that hinders motion of electric charge and converts electric energy into other forms of energy

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15
Q

ohmmeter

A

an instrument to directly measure resistance

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16
Q

current

A

a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space

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17
Q

series circuit

A

circuits with only one current path

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18
Q

parallel circuit

A

circuits with several current paths

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19
Q

Thermocouple

A

a loop of two wires
made of different types of metals that
converts heat to energy

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20
Q

thermo-electric generator

A

plants that burn fossil fuels to produce

electricity

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21
Q

piezoelectric effect

A

sound produced
when an electric current causes
vibrations in a tiny crystal

22
Q

photovoltaic cell

A

a device used
to produce electricity
from light

23
Q

electrochemical

A

device that can generate electrical energy from the chemical reactions occurring in it, or use the electrical energy supplied to it to facilitate chemical reactions in it

24
Q

electrode

A

the two metals in a

voltaic or electrochemical cell

25
Q

electrolyte

A

a substance that conducts
an electric current, and in which the
electrodes are placed

26
Q

primary cell

A

an electric cell that produces current by an irreversible chemical reaction.

27
Q

secondary cell

A

A rechargeable electric cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by a reversible chemical reaction

28
Q

electric generator

A

a device that
converts mechanical energy into
electric energy

29
Q

electromagnet

A

a strong temporary
magnet, created by inserting a soft
iron core into a coil of wire and then
passing a current through the wire

30
Q

alternating current

A

electricity
produced in a generator where the
current flowing from the generator
changes direction regularly

31
Q

direct current

A

current that

flows in one direction only

32
Q

dynamo

A

a generator that produces

direct current

33
Q

split-ring commutator

A

two metal half rings connecting either end of the rotor coils to the brushes.

34
Q

stator

A

a stationary part of a
motor surrounding the rotor.
The simplest form of stator is a
two-pole electromagnet

35
Q

transformer

A

used to “step-up” the
voltage for efficient transmission of
current over long distances

36
Q

circuit breaker

A

acts as a switch and safety device that can cut all power coming into the home

37
Q

fuse

A

a device containing a metallic
conductor that melts when heated by
excessive current

38
Q

Neutral wire

A 
one of the “live” wires
in electric cables, which returns low
energy electricity back to the breaker
panel; the neutral wire is white and
insulated
39
Q

hot wire

A

one of the “live” wires in
electric cables, which carries high
energy electricity; the hot wire is
black and insulated

40
Q

ground wire

A

a device to safely channel any energy that has “leaked” out;
the ground wire is either bare copper
or covered with green insulation

41
Q

transistor

A

electronic switches in

modern digital devices

42
Q

power(formula)

A

energy per unit time.

Power Energy/Time

43
Q

watt

A

a unit of power equivalent

to one joule per second; 1 W = 1 J/s

44
Q

electrical code

A

the set of standards

for electrical work

45
Q

electrical efficiency

A

efficiency = energy out energy in × 100 %.

46
Q

short circuit

A

occurs when the wires
in an electric cord accidentally
connect, usually because of frayed
insulation

47
Q

non-renewable resource

A

fuels that
are consumed faster than they can be
replaced by nature

48
Q

hydroelectricity

A

Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity produced from hydropower.

49
Q

co generator system

A

electricity
generating stations that produce
electricity and also supply
thermal energy

50
Q

solar energy

A

radiant energy emitted by the sun.

51
Q

geothermal energy

A

thermal energy
contained in the inner
portions of Earth

52
Q

thermal pollution

A

occurs when
warm water is returned directly to the
lake or river from where it is taken,
increasing the water temperature

Unit 4 Science 9 (9 decks)

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