Vocabulary 1-9-16 Flashcards
Louis XIV
a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715
Peter the Great
A Russian czar of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries who tried to transform Russia from a backward nation into a progressive one by introducing customs and ideas from western European countries.
William the Great Elector
who increased the power and importance of Prussia
Czar
an emperor of Russia before 1917.
Absolutism
the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.
Boyar
member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince.
Ivan IV
which his rule became increasingly oppressive. Ivan IV in Culture Expand.
Divine Right
The doctrine that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin
Henry IV
Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany (1056–1106) who struggled for power with Pope Gregory VII.
War of Spanish Secession
fought by Austria, England, the Netherlands, and Prussia against France and Spain, arising from disputes about the succession in Spain after the death of Charles II of Spain.
Thirty years War
A war waged in the early seventeenth century that involved France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, and numerous states of Germany. The causes of the war were rooted in national rivalries and in conflict between Roman Catholics and Protestants.
Catherine the Great
An empress of Russia in the late eighteenth century who encouraged the cultural influences of western Europe in Russia and extended Russian territory toward the Black Sea
Window to the West
The idea of the new city was anything but dark or brooding. It was, in Peter the Great’s terms, enlightened, his big and bright window on the western world.
Maria Theresa
Archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary and Bohemia 1740–80. The daughter of the Emperor Charles VI, she succeeded to the Habsburg dominions in 1740 by virtue of the Pragmatic Sanction.
Pragmatic Sanction
an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.
Hapsburgs
Hapsburgs wore the imperial crown of the Holy Roman Empire almost uninterruptedly.
Austria
the last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great powers of Europe. Generally, France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden, and Russia were aligned on one side against Prussia, Hanover, and Great Britain on the other
Frederick the great
brought Prussia military prestige by winning the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War
Frederick William I
the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death, as well as the father of Frederick the Great
Glorious Revolution
the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange.
Seven years war
Seven Years’ War definition. A war fought in the middle of the eighteenth century between the German kingdom of Prussia, supported by Britain, and an alliance that included Austria, France, and Russia. Prussia and Britain won, and their victory greatly increased their power.
Spanish Armada
a fleet of warships.
James I
he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England.
Queen Elizabeth
who succeeded the Mary I, a Catholic, and reestablished Protestantism in England.
Charles I
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War
Puritan
a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.
