Vocabulary 1-9-16

Question 1

Louis XIV

Answer 1

a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715

Question 2

Peter the Great

Answer 2

A Russian czar of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries who tried to transform Russia from a backward nation into a progressive one by introducing customs and ideas from western European countries.

Question 3

William the Great Elector

Answer 3

who increased the power and importance of Prussia

Question 4

Czar

Answer 4

an emperor of Russia before 1917.

Question 5

Absolutism

Answer 5

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

Question 6

Boyar

Answer 6

member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince.

Question 7

Ivan IV

Answer 7

which his rule became increasingly oppressive. Ivan IV in Culture Expand.

Question 8

Divine Right

Answer 8

The doctrine that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin

Question 9

Henry IV

Answer 9

Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany (1056–1106) who struggled for power with Pope Gregory VII.

Question 10

War of Spanish Secession

Answer 10

fought by Austria, England, the Netherlands, and Prussia against France and Spain, arising from disputes about the succession in Spain after the death of Charles II of Spain.

Question 11

Thirty years War

Answer 11

A war waged in the early seventeenth century that involved France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, and numerous states of Germany. The causes of the war were rooted in national rivalries and in conflict between Roman Catholics and Protestants.

Question 12

Catherine the Great

Answer 12

An empress of Russia in the late eighteenth century who encouraged the cultural influences of western Europe in Russia and extended Russian territory toward the Black Sea

Question 13

Window to the West

Answer 13

The idea of the new city was anything but dark or brooding. It was, in Peter the Great’s terms, enlightened, his big and bright window on the western world.

Question 14

Maria Theresa

Answer 14

Archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary and Bohemia 1740–80. The daughter of the Emperor Charles VI, she succeeded to the Habsburg dominions in 1740 by virtue of the Pragmatic Sanction.

Question 15

Pragmatic Sanction

Answer 15

an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.

Question 16

Hapsburgs

Answer 16

Hapsburgs wore the imperial crown of the Holy Roman Empire almost uninterruptedly.

Question 17

Austria

Answer 17

the last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great powers of Europe. Generally, France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden, and Russia were aligned on one side against Prussia, Hanover, and Great Britain on the other

Question 18

Frederick the great

Answer 18

brought Prussia military prestige by winning the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War

Question 19

Frederick William I

Answer 19

the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death, as well as the father of Frederick the Great

Question 20

Glorious Revolution

Answer 20

the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange.

Question 21

Seven years war

Answer 21

Seven Years’ War definition. A war fought in the middle of the eighteenth century between the German kingdom of Prussia, supported by Britain, and an alliance that included Austria, France, and Russia. Prussia and Britain won, and their victory greatly increased their power.

Question 22

Spanish Armada

Answer 22

a fleet of warships.

Question 23

James I

Answer 23

he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England.

Question 24

Queen Elizabeth

Answer 24

who succeeded the Mary I, a Catholic, and reestablished Protestantism in England.

Question 25

Charles I

Answer 25

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War

Question 26

Puritan

Answer 26

a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.