Vocab words MIDTERM Flashcards by Makayla Muang Saeteurn

D: knowledge is impossible or uncertain
relates to impermanence;
C: buddha sat under the tree and was skeptical of the knowledge being able to be understood, Buddha wanted people to be skeptical of his teachings and to practice for themselves
S:

skepticism

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Sri Lanka and SE Asia practice which type of buddhism

Pali Theravadin Vinaya

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gives the rules of monastic life
1) pratimoksa
2) rituals and ceremonies

vinaya

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greed, aversion (aggression), delusion
sig: this is what prevents you from being liberated from samsara; also what mara was trying to convince buddha to do

3 defilements

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D: theory of knowledge
S: questioning if things exist actually, or are a representation in our minds as knowledge
what can be known?

epistemology

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must go through a ceremony with 5 ordained monks there, job is to recite teachings/ sutras, start training at 7yrs and asking for a teacher, 10 rules of training

monk

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C: Located mid in Mt. Maru, ONLY TWO SENSES, don’t have consciousness
D: BRAHMAS/ ASURAS demigods (in charge of weather) live here
S: higher beings, you can touch this with special dyanas or meditative practives

Pure Form realm

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access concentration; 5 of them; you use them to strengthen your meditation

dyana

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buddha who has reached nirvana by themselves, but does not teach others

solitary buddha

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abandoned all 10 fetters, will never be reborn again, through buddhist teachings has fully awakened and has perfect conduct

arhat

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C: this guides your path to escaping suffering, it is a formal declaration, also a powerful object for rituals (ex: the stupa is ritual place for Buddha)
D: buddha, dharma, sangha
S: what you take refuge in when you declare yourself a buddhist and commit to the path of awakening

three refuges

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C: all beings in the world are sorted into these realms, you can be reborn into any of the realms
D: form, formless, and sensual/desire realms
S: the fundamental view on Buddhist cosmology

three realms

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language that the Theravada texts are preserved in

Pali

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C: it is immortal, it is not different from the underlying ground of the universe which is brahman, unchanging and beyond suffering
D: “self”, the witness, the agent, the ego
S: This is the underlying entity that does not change and allows for us to see that everything else is a changing experience.

atman

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stream attainer, once returner, never returner, arhat

4 stages of awakening

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C: determined by wholesome or unwholesome karma, lower realms = less happy
D: realms one can be born in
S: represents the organization of the rebirths but it is also a link between the understanding of cosmology and the PSYCHOLOGY of believing in karma

6 destinies of rebirth

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you will not be reborn as a human anymore

once returner

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D: highest gods live here
S: least suffering, INFINITE CONSCIOUSNESS and SPACE

Formless realm

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monks, nuns, female and male lay followers
sig: followers of the Buddha’s renouncer lifestyle; do this to eradicate suffering

4 assemblies

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C: puts the roles of beings into a hierarchy, thought of a geographical map of the world, similar to the Garden of Eden idea (not reality)
D: Mountain that is at the center of the universe in Buddhism
S: This is the way Buddhists believe and orient the world-spheres, it helps conceptualize the power of the gods

Mount Meru

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belief in only one god
sig: buddha isnt a god, everything is divine, anyone can be an arhat or a buddha

monotheism

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C: this bolsters the ideas of non self and dependent origination, because you don’t arise, it is only the 5 aggregates
you tap into these when you meditate and gain a higher level of consciousness
D: form, sensation, recognition, mental formations, consciousness; it makes up the “self”
S: Buddhist description of what mental and physical phenomena are

5 aggregates

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if you abandon 3 of the 10 fetters, you will be awakened in 7 rebirths

stream attainer

C: one of three
D: the pitika that outlines the behaviors of the 4 fold assembly, two basic parts: pratimoksa and ceremonies
S: The source Theravadin monks nuns and people study and learn in order to practice Buddhism

Vinaya

indi- viduality, doubt, clinging to precepts and vows, sensual desire, aversion, desire for form, desire for the formless, pride, agitation, and ignorance sig: must give these up in increments to be awakened

10 fetters

East Asia practices which type of Buddhism

Mahayana,

one who has nirvana but the 5 physical and mental phenomena that make up a being have ceased and no new being will be reborn

nirvana without remainder

community of ordained monks and nuns

sangha

the way one perceives the interconnectedness of things that happen

self

5 fetters are completely abandoned, you will be reborn in a realm where you will gain the final awakening

never returner

if you experience nirvana, these will no longer come to your mind as you live in the world

3 defilements: greed, hatred, and delusion

study of existence sig: questions if nirvana is a state of existence, does an arhat exist after death? what is the nature of a being?

ontology

C: The people who want to join the buddha and achieve awakening, they practice light asceticism, in modern society it is material support in exchange for faith D: mont, nun, laymen, laywomen S: The group of people supporting and following the Buddha, keeping the ideas of dharma alive

four fold assembly

socially constructed person, it is the entity that lasts and is reborn, made up of portions

pudgala

C: located lower on Mt. Maru, finding the 1st realm leaves this realm D: humans, hungry ghosts, hells, animals live here S: realm where you feel suffering and all 5 senses

sense/desire realm

C: proves that you cant quantify the world spheres or time, also speaks to how long the Buddha waits for the right conditions D: the length of time it takes for a dove with a string to cut through a concrete wall S: Emphasizes how rare it is to be born into a human body with this buddha and is the way to conceptualize time in Buddhist cosmology

kalpa (eon)

C: fourth part of the noble truths, how to reach awakening, dont have to do it in order, three parts conduct concentration and wisdom D: the path one takes to cease suffering S:

8 fold path

"awakened one" teaches generously how to go on the path to be released from suffering, a title, not a person

buddha

C: originates in UPANISADS (which gave atman the def as a "witness") maybe 5th cent BCE, ideas, it is just 5 aggregates that are changing D: Buddhist denial of a permanent and substantial self, denies that there is any person absorbing or feeling these things or driving you, S: this is an explanation for what Buddhists believe they ultimately are

non-self (anatman)

C: this is what the Buddha understood about the world at the Bodhi tree D: "causal interaction", 12 links of the chain, "connectedness", "the middle way" it is the ability to see the causes and effects that make up the universe, this is something between externalism and annhilationism S: this is the buddhist interpretation of existence

dependent arising

notion that there is only one thing

monism

prior to death, last version of life, living without mental suffering (still alive!)

nirvana with remainder

one who will become a buddha, spent last lifetime as a god and is waiting for when to be born as a human

bodhisattva

6 dharmas make this up= 5 senses + mind (the object of this is thoughts)

consciousness

Buddha, Dharma, Sangha sig: monk/nun recites the formula showing devotion to buddhism for these

3 refuges/ 3 jewels

C: attaining the fourth dhyana with this practice, see the worlds as constantly VANISHING, no trances, its about seeing DEPEND. ORIGATN D: aims at understanding impermanence, unsatisfactory, and not self -the ending is a direct SEEING OF SUFFERING S: This can be an illusion that one has seen nirvana but it is broken with something like MOTHER and children EXECUTION

insight meditation

C: Depending on the PERSONALITY there are specific subjects one can meditate on, you attain the 4th dhyana, Bodhidharma looking at walls D: goal is to get a calm state of mind and cease mental formations, and the ending is an ABSTRACT CONCEPT (dhyanas, trances) S: this is one interpretation of what Siddharta Gautama saw under the tree

calm meditation

C: corresponds to heavens (where certain gods live, no pain there), similar to entering a different realm outside of the sense/desire realm, those who attain the 4th have supernatural powers, letting go of everything ESPECIALLY HAPPINESS D: "access concentration" "meditative absorption" it is settling the mind (8 of them) S: This is used to help others achieve awakening

dhyanas

meditations on impurity

C: comes from pali texts D: anything the buddha said, laws of universe, (small d is constituents of reality) S: this is the way things are, which is what buddhists are trying to understand

Dharma or dharma

beings here have only consciousness, they are the highest brahmas S: this is the highest form bu all of them represent the transition from gross to subtle

Form realm

C: 10 stages needed to be done in the Bodhisattva path D: generosity, morality, vigilience, patience, concentration, wisdom

6 perfections

the middle way the way of understanding emptiness

madhyamaka

taking yourself and giving it up for devotion absorbing yourself in it

internalization of the sacrifice

C: Part of Bodhisattva path D: 6 things you must embody on the path to awakening S: key characteristics

6 perfections