Master Words Flashcards
pain or anguish
Sig: pain is constant, even when happy because it can change at any moment and we can never be at ease
Duhkha
1) event of awakening
2) experience
3) what Buddha and arhats are in a state of
Nirvana
hindu trinity: destroy “auspicious” (prosperous) one,
leads souls to moksa,
male and female,
outcast, wrathful, superiority- complex god
Himalayan Mountains
Siva
hindu trinity: protect preserver god
Was reborn as Rama and banished the demons
Social god
Vishnu
After u practice what is written in the Upanisad you will become _______
(It means alone)
Kaivalya
Impure, evil that is bonded to you
Pasam
Original literature of the Brahmins
means “to know”
4 collections: Rsi (seers) Brahamanas (ritual instructions) , Aranyakas (forrest rituals), Upanishads
Sig: people began to view it as something “heard” in a revelation by divine authorities
Vedas
Intermediate god that is a priest
Agni
War god leader
Indra
Powerful and fractious speech
Sacred utterances
Mantra
Plant liquid that allows one to have revelations
Soma
Rebirth, inspired by the cycles of the moon
31 realms of existence
wandering
sig: driven by karma ppl are reborn according to their merit (karma)
Samsara
Liberation
Transcendent escape from the world cycle
Moska
“effort” “work” Physical practice used to tame the mind and achieve a higher sense of concentration
Sig: to escape from physical world/ try to build good karma
Yoga
Def: Connection between action and consequence, merit
Sig: merit will determine the next realm you are born in
Karma
heard texts
Sruti
Remembered texts
Smrti
Building/ monument that is supposed to house parts of the Buddha’s body
Stupa
“One who strives” renouncer (wandering lifestyle) movement that was more materialist, determinist a
Sig: Jains and Buddhists rejected the Brahmin authority
Sramana
Class of rulers
Buddha’s class before he left the palace
Ksatriyas
C: 300-200 BCE
D: Maruyan king who made Buddhist monuments, took pilgrimage to Lumbini
S: Major influence on the spread of Buddhism in India ARCHTYPE OF A BUDDHIST KING
Asoka
awakening/ deep realization tree
Bohi
Reborn as Buddhas but spent many years practicing in past lifetimes
Bodhisattva
Duty
Act of doing a ritual
Actions taken to preserve the order of the cosmos
Dharma
1) truth of suffering “duhka”
2) origin of suffering: thirst for existence and delight
3) cessation of suffering: abandoning, relinquishing greed and aversion
4) path to cessation of suffering: right conduct, concentration, intention
Sig: not a belief system, its a reality that unawakened do not see
4 noble truths
god that tempted the bodhisattva with desires and women preventing him from being awoken
Mara
originated in south India/ Indus Valley
Buddhas original language
linked the Indus Valley with pre-Aryan people in India
Dravidian
Old Indian civilization with uniform bricks
Harappa
“noble ones” Nomads who rode horses and had weapons/bronze came from south Russia
Sig: spread language
-took over tribal groups in northern India
Indo Aryan / Indo European
universal language of ancient India Vedic and classical language
Sig: Vedas were written in it, (people didn’t write in it to reject the authority of vedas)
Sanskrit
Movement that is more spiritual and opposes the brahmans
Sramana
extreme practice and self-devotion to pursue spiritual goals, starvation, renouncing normal lifestyle and relying on alms
sig: Buddha tried it and decided some sustenance is needed ( have to find middle ground)
asceticism
giving your body up to the world to escape it
the philosophical way to look at extreme asceticism
internalization of the sacrifice
Indus Valley Civilization (2500-1900 BC)
Definition:
-Mohenjo Daro/Harappa were the city centers
-Uniform bricks and courtyards
Significance: spoke a Dravidian language (evidence of being linked to pre-aryan people)
-Declined from rivers drying up
Harappa (Mohenjo-daro)
Def: Major city center, uniform bricks
Sig: NOT military oriented, agrarian and peaceful, pashupati seal (meditative impressed symbol)
architecture
“mighty lord”, Sahampati, came before the Buddha and asked him to teach
Sig: still uses his request for Buddha to teach Dharma
Brahma
to accept the role of the brahmanical authority as the highest in society, through heredity
specific rituals excluding other classes
brahmanism
the Vedic hymns themselves, the actual reality, underlying ground of all reality
Sig: similar to Buddhism everyone is asleep and not in reality
Brahman
ordinary dialect of the people, 5th century, middle indo-aryan dialect
Sig: Buddha used this dialect to teach (to oppose the Brahamans use of sanskrit)
prakrit
collection added to the Vedas that questions the nature of one’s self
Sig: introduces individual conscious effort (unlike Vedic ideas of social and superiority), samsara (rebirth), moksa, asceticism,
Upanisads
samnyasin, giving up normal roles in society to devote oneself to spiritual life, austerities, altered states of mind
Sig: Buddha’s teachers were renouncers, this was one of the first steps Siddhartha took to get away from the palace
renunciation
Part of the Vedas, if you study these you will be in a state of aloneness, 3 states of consciousness, searching for liberation through prayer and devotion
Sig: Outlines the procedure for asking to be released from the wheel of time, searching for the power of Brahman
kaivalya upanisad
“awakened one”, 2,500yrs ago, born into the ksatriya class, practiced austerities, was awakened and created a mendicant
Siddhartha Gautama
Buddha’s mother, impregnated by a white elephant with lotus, gave birth standing up
Sig: unnatural impregnation, shows he’s destined to be a Buddha, Buddha goes back to teach his mom?
Queen Maya
“bringer of death” temps Bodhisattva under the tree, evil, gods are afraid of him
Sig: only deterring enemy preventing Siddhartha from becoming awakened
Mara
the body one sees when meeting the Buddha, looks ordinary monk, 32 marks of a great man
physical body (rupa-kaya)
qualities that make up a perfect personality and psychological understanding
sig: all of Buddha’s 5 senses and conditions of a being are aligning with Dharma
dharma body (dharma kaya)
500 arhats (all awakened) communal reciting event in Rajagriha after Buddhas death
sig: first written accounts and lists of only what the Buddha’s words were
First council
Monk who wasn’t perfected yet but received advice from Buddha’s last words
Buddha’s main attendant
Sig: Shows Buddha was obeying the order of the Cosmos and the order of decay
Ananda
“full going out”, death of Buddha, elaborate stupa created afterwards
Sig: passed on the wheel-turning of teaching dharma
pari-nirvana
collections of buddhist writings: discipline, discourses, further dharma
sig:
tripitaka (three baskets)
“thus I have heard” the words/ sermons of the Buddha
Sig: taken at first council
sutra
“discipline” outlines the lifestyle of a monk or nun (monastic rules)
1) pratimoksa for the rules of a monk’s life
2) the Sangha’s ritual duties and violations
sig: created at first council
vinaya
scholastic treaties “further dharma”, making Buddhism become part of a system (systemization) or a collection
sig: commentary/ interpretations of buddhas words
abhidharma
Impermanence, suffering, non-self
sig: this is what a mediator hoping to become an arhat sees in the world while contemplating the dharmas
3 marks of existence
Idea that things dont last long, are constantly changing 1st mark of existence
Impermanence
Karma is passed from person to person through an inertia, 2nd mark of existence
Non-self
perpetual state of uncomfort, must be realized and eventually ceased, 3rd mark of existence
Suffering
list of actions one takes to the cessation of suffering; conduct concentration wisdom
Sig: shows understanding, actions, and emotions must all be in “right” or noble to transform internally
8 fold path
actions, speech, livelihood
right conduct
mindfulness, meditation
right concentration
views and intentions
right wisdom
