Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Earth Sci 1086 > VOCAB: Unit 3 > Flashcards

VOCAB: Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Basalt

A

An igneous rock, primary product of volcanic lava, fine grained, dark grey to black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fission Hypothesis*

A

Moon broke off from a rapidly spinning Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Condensation Hypothesis*

A

Earth and Moon formed a contemporaneously from the same material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Capture Hypothesis*

A

Moon formed as an independent planetary body that was later ‘captured’ by Earth during a close pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy a body has by virtue of it motion, increases exponentially w/velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Obliquity/Tilt Angle

A

Tilt of the rotational axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thuban

A

The ‘north pole star’ in the constellation of Draco, when the Egyptian Pyramids were built

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polaris

A

The ‘north pole star’ in the constellation Ursa Minor, for today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vega

A

The ‘north pole star’ of the northern hemisphere, 12000 years from now

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Accretion

A

Growth by accumulation of smaller bodies, dust, and gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Iron Catastrophe*

A

The upheaval of the planet produced by iron sinking to the planet’s core released more energy and cause the whole planet to melt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Differentiation*

A

Process of chemical donation from core to surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plate Tectonics*

A

‘earthquakes’ Earth crust moving around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lithosphere*

A

Earth’s crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle, a solid, strong rocky layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Asthenosphere*

A

A layer of heat-softened, weak, slow flowing rock beneath the Earth’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mesosphere*

A

Confining pressure is so great that the rock has to be solid, but temp is high enough the material acts like a stiff plastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Outer Core*

A

Is liquid and purely metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inner Core*

A

Is solid and purely metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dynamo*

A

Most practical mechanism by which to generate a magnetic field, converts physical energy to electrical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

‘Normal’ (magnetic poles)

A

How the poles are facing now,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

‘Reverse’ (magnetic poles)

A

With north magnetic poles becoming south magnetic poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Plates

A

Segments of the Earth’s lithosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What plate is London, Ontario located in?

A

North American Plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pangaea

A

1 big continent that suggested North and South American were joined w/ Europe and Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Continental Drift*

A

Process where Pangaea broke and spread apart creating the Atlantic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Paleomagnetism*

A

Study of magnetic properties of rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Curie Point

A

Above this temperature, atoms are very active, and below it, they aren’t as active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Divergent Margins*

A

Margins characterized by plates moving apart, commonly called spreading centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Convergent Margins*

A

Boundaries characterized by plates moving towards each other, the edge of one plate sinks beneath the edge of the second plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Subduction

A

Action of 1 lithosphere plate descending under a second plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Subduction Zones

A

The location where subduction is happening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Transform Fault Margins*

A

Boundaries where 2 plates slide past each other, with no significant vertical motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Strike-Slip Faults

A

The faults themselves make up the margins

34
Q

Convection

A

Process of heat production provides a tremendous driving force to move material around

35
Q

Seismic Tomography

A

Method of detection,

36
Q

Mantle Plume

A

A plume that rises through the mantle

37
Q

Relative Age Dating*

A

Getting an age relative to rocks around it

38
Q

Absolute Age Dating*

A

Get the absolute years old

39
Q

Geological Time Scale (DONT NEED TO MEMORIZE THE SCALE)

A

Matching sequences with others around the world to create a scale

40
Q

Proterozoic

A

Time just before 545 million years ago, ‘development of life’

41
Q

Phanerozoic

A

All of time from the Cambrian period until present day

42
Q

What is the 3 main periods the Phanerozoic is divided into?

A

Paleozoic(early life), Mesozoic(middle life), and Cenozoic(recent life)

43
Q

Half-Life

A

Rate of radioactive decay

44
Q

Parent (isotopes)

A

The amount of the isotope that is in the process of breaking down

45
Q

Daughter (isotopes)

A

The amount of the isotope produced by the breakdown

46
Q

Uranium and Thorium

A

Most common radioactive elements used

47
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process plants use to combine sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and sugar (energy)

48
Q

Anaerobic Environment

A

An environment containing no free oxygen, would get energy from a process like fermentation

49
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Single celled organisms

50
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Multi-cellular organisms

51
Q

Tidal Coupling*

A

Result of synchronized pattern is that we always see only 1 hemisphere of the moon

52
Q

Anorthosite

A

A type of rock that is often seen on the lunar highlands. Low density rock containing calcium, aluminum and oxygen-rich minerals

53
Q

Sinuous Rilles

A

Small domes pushed up by lava below the surface, long, winding channels

54
Q

Vesicular

A

Basalts hat contain holes caused by bubbles of gas in the molten rock

55
Q

Breccias

A

Rocks that are made up of fragments of earlier rocks cemented together by heat and pressure

56
Q

Regolith*

A

Powdered rock and crushed fragments

57
Q

Seismology

A

The study of these motions, a series of vibrations that moves the ground

58
Q

Jumbled Terrain

A

Place on the Moon opposite the Imbruim Basin

59
Q

South-pole Aitken Basin

A

Largest impact basin in the Solar System (on the Moon)

60
Q

Exosphere

A

A sparse atmosphere

61
Q

Caloris Basin

A

Largest basin on Mercury

62
Q

Inter-Crater Plains

A

Area that is less heavily cratered

63
Q

Smooth Plains

A

Smaller region, younger than the inter-crater plains

64
Q

Albedo

A

Describes the proportion of light that get reflected by a planetary body

65
Q

Evening Star/Morning Star

A

Venus

66
Q

Retrogade Motion

A

Planet rotating in a clockwise direction

67
Q

In-Coming Light Energy

A

Where carbon dioxide is pretty transparent

68
Q

Out-Going Infrared Energy

A

Where carbon dioxide is fairly opaque

69
Q

Runaway Greenhouse Effect*

A

Make the surface so hot that even sulphur, chlorine, and fluorine have baked out of the rock and formed acid vapours

70
Q

Coronae

A

A huge dome surrounded by concentric fractures

71
Q

Caldera

A

A deep volcano crater, possibly the result of one of the coronae blowing its top

72
Q

Pancake Volcanoes

A

Volcanoes less than 20 km in diameter, appearing as flattened domes

73
Q

Primitive Atmosphere

A

Containing hydrogen and a little helium, and some other stuff

74
Q

Secondary Atmosphere

A

Volcanically emitted gases

75
Q

Saltation

A

A process where strong winds would pick up larger grains, enabling them to hop erratically over the surface

76
Q

Dune Fields

A

Common on both Mars and Earth

77
Q

Perchlorates

A

Salt that you would use on your driveway

78
Q

Shield Volcano

A

Shaped like an inverter warrior shield formed by low viscosity lava flows

79
Q

Olympus Mons

A

The largest volcano in the Solar System

80
Q

Andesites

A

Appear volcanic, but has silicon content which makes them andesite

81
Q

Duricrust

A

Flaky layers found on Mars

82
Q

Red Beds

A

Deposits of sediments, common in many parts of the Earth’s stratigraphic sequence

Earth Sci 1086 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions