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Earth Sci 1086 > VOCAB: Unit 1 > Flashcards

VOCAB: Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothesis*

A

An educated guess based upon an observation

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2
Q

Theory*

A

Summarizes a hypothesis that is supported by repeated testing and observation

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3
Q

Law*

A

Explains a body of observations

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4
Q

Big Bang Theory

A

An effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of the Universe

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5
Q

Singularity*

A

An area in space-time where gravitational force is so high that all laws of physics break down and don’t apply

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6
Q

Gigantic Expansion

A

Like a tiny balloon, which in the smallest fraction of time, expands and expands

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7
Q

3 Pillars of Proof* (supports the Big Bang Theory)

A

Hubbles’ Law, Characteristics of CMB radiation, Abundance of Light Elements

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8
Q

Hubble Space Telescope?

A

Huge optical telescope into Earth’s orbit

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9
Q

Doppler Shift/Effect

A

Apparent change in sound

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10
Q

Hubble Law*

A 
V = Hd
V = speed 
d = distance away from the sun
H = the hubble constant
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11
Q

Shpere-Shaped*

A

Positive Curvature, a closed universe

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12
Q

Saddle-Shaped*

A

Negative Curvature, a open universe

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13
Q

Flat-Shaped*

A

Not curved, a flat universe, expands forever

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14
Q

Conventional Matter

A

Stars, planets, asteroids, comets etc

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15
Q

Dark Matter*

A

Gives off no electromagnetic energy

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16
Q

Dark Energy*

A

It repels matter

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17
Q

Light Year

A

The distance that light takes to travel in 1 year

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18
Q

Trigonometric Parallax*

A

Relies on an object appearing to be at a different place relative to the background, depending on your viewpoint

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19
Q

Hertzprung-Russell Diagram

A

Relating to the luminosity of stars to their temperature

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20
Q

Intrinsic Brightness

A

What the ‘true brightness’ of the star is

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21
Q

Apparent Brightness

A

The brightness you see from Earth

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22
Q

Cepheids

A

A variable star having a regular cycle of brightness w/a frequency related to its luminosity, allowing estimation of its distance from earth

23
Q

Andromeda

A

Spiral-shaped clump of stars, within it there was a Cepheid star

24
Q

Andromeda Galaxy*

A

Our closest neighbouring galaxy, bigger than the milky way

25
Q

Local Group

A

A group of about 40-50 galaxies in our immediate environment

26
Q

Milky Way Galaxy

A

Home to our Solar System

27
Q

Triangulum Galaxy

A

Smallest of the ‘big three’

28
Q

Orion Arm

A

A rotating spiral-armed galaxy

29
Q

Element*

A

Substance that can’t be broken down any simpler

30
Q

Atom*

A

Particle of matter that has the unique properties of an element, consist of a central nucleus

31
Q

Nucleus*

A

Contains protons and electrons, and sometimes neutrons

32
Q

Protons*

A

Particles that are positively charged

33
Q

Neutrons*

A

Particles that have no charge

34
Q

Electrons*

A

Particles that are negatively charged

35
Q

Ion*

A

An atom w/ a +(deficiency of electrons) or -(extra electrons) charge

36
Q

Isotope*

A

All atoms of a particular element the that have the same # of protons, but different number of neutrons

37
Q

Mass number

A

Sum of protons and neutrons in the nuclei

38
Q

Radioactivity

A

Spontaneous break down of unstable atoms of an element, w/ the production of energy and other particles

39
Q

Supernova

A

Explosive death of a massive star

40
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of the atom

41
Q

Deuterium

A

Isotope of Hydrogen, 2H

42
Q

Supernovae

A

Explosion of a big star releases so much heat and pressure that all the heavy elements can be produced

43
Q

Nebular Hypothesis*

A

Suggests that the Solar System formed over a relatively brief span of time and all as a unit, from a nebula of interstellar gas

44
Q

Red Giant

A

When a star runs out of H

45
Q

Momentum

A

Measure of an object’s tendency to move at a constant speed along a straight path

46
Q

Angular Momentum

A

Measure of the amount of spin of an object

47
Q

Conservation of Angular Momentum

A

If no outside force acts on a spinning object, objects angular momentum will not change w/time no matter hot the object interacts w/others

48
Q

Dew Point Temperature

A

Temperature to which air must be cooled to reach water saturation, after which water molecules begin to form

49
Q

Accretion

A

Process of growth/sticking together

50
Q

T Tauri Stars

A

A class of stars believed to be similar to how the Sun would have looked at the time of its formation. Strong winds

51
Q

Bombardment Rate

A

Number of collisions

52
Q

Fission*

A

Releases heat energy by splitting atoms

53
Q

Fusion*

A

Combing atoms to create larger ones. Powers the sun

Earth Sci 1086 (6 decks)

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