Vocab Quiz Set 2 Flashcards
A species that is found in its originating location and is generally restricted to that geographic area
Endemic species
A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane
Endocytosis
An organelle, containing folded membranes and sacs, responsible for the production, processing, and transportation of materials for use inside and outside a eukaryotic cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
The branch of zoology studying the early development of living things
Embryology
A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells that were formed from simpler prokaryotes
Endosymbiosis
A model that illustrates the biomass productivity at multiple trophic levels in a given ecosystem
Energy pyramid
A process in which energy changes from one form to another form which some of the energy is lost to the environment
Energy transformation
The total surroundings of an organism or group of organisms
Environment
A protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction; an organic catalyst.
Enzyme
A type of organism composed of one or more cells containing a membrane-bound nucleus, specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, and a mototic nuclear division cycle
Eukaryote
A process in which new species develop from pre-existing species
Evolution
A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released
Exocytosis
A term that typically described a species that no longer has any known living individuals
Extinction
Located outside a cell
Extracellular
A process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier(transport) proteins; does not require the use of energy
Facilitated diffusion
A simplified path illustrating the passing of potential chemical energy (food) from one organism to another organism.
Food chain
A complex arrangement of interrelated food chains illustrating the flow of energy between interdependent organisms
Food web
The science of tests and techniques used durning the investigations of crimes
Forensics
The preserved remains or traces of organisms that once lived on earth
Fossils
A decrease in genetic variation caused by the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals from a larger population.
Founder effect
The addition (insertion mutation) or removal (deletion mutation) of one or more nucleotides that is not indivisible by three, therefore resulting in a completely different amino acid sequence than would be normal. The earlier in the sequence nucleotides are added or removed, the more altered the protein will be.
Frame-shift mutation
The temperature at which a liquid changes state to a solid.
Freezing point
A specialized cell (egg or sperm) used in sexual reproduction containing half the normal number of chromosomes of a
somatic cell.
Gamete
A sequence of nucleotides composing a segment of DNA that provides a blueprint for a specific hereditary trait.
Gene
The process in which a nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to make a functional product such as protein or RNA.
Gene expression
A natural process in which a nucleic acid molecule is broken and then join to a different molecule; A result of crossing over
Gene recombination
A type of gene recombination in which the DNA is intentionally broken and recombined using laboratory techniques
Gene splicing
The intentional insertion, alteration, or deletion of genes within individuals cells and tissues for the purpose of treating a disease
Gene therapy
A change in the allele frequency of the population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection
Genetic drift
A technology that includes the process of manipulating or altering the genetic material of the cell resulting in the desirable functions or outcomes that would not occur naturally
Genetic engineering
An organism whose genetic material has been altered through some genetic engineering technology or technique.
GMO
The study of inheritance
Genetics
The genetic composition of an organism with reference to a single trait, a set of traits, or t e entire complement of traits of an organism.
Genotype
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for the final stages of processing proteins for release by the cell.
Golgi apparatus
A proposed explanation in evolutionary biology stating that new species arise from the result of slight modifications (mutations and resulting phenotypic changes) over many generations
Gradualism
An area that provides an organism with its basic needs for survival
Habitat
The regulatory process in which an organism regulates it’s internal environment
Homeostasis
A regulatory mechanisms that contributes to maintaining a state of equilibrium
Homeostatic mechanism
A physical characteristic in different organisms that is similar because it was inherited from a common ancestor
Homologous structure
A proposed, scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon
Hypothesis
Not permitting passage of a substance or substances
Impermeable
A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.
Incomplete dominance
The process in which genetic material is passed from parents to their offspring.
Inheritance
The longest lasting phase of the cell cycle in which a cell performs the majority of its functions, such as preparing for nuclear division and cytokinesis.
Interphase
Located inside a cell
Intracellular
