Ch. 2 Focus Points Flashcards
Identify the smallest unit capable of all life functions
Cell
How do you properly mix a strong acid or strong base with water?
Pour the Acid/base into water
List the steps of the scientific method in the most logical order
Identify a problem/ask a question, research, write a hypothesis, design and carry out an experiment, make observations/collect data, analyze data, draw a conclusion
What is the chemical formula of water?
H2O
What is the kind of bonding that holds a water molecule together?
Covalent
What is the name given to molecules with an unequal distribution of electrical charge
Ex: water
Polar
What is the type of bonding that holds one water molecule to another?
Hydrogen
What percent of your body is made up of water?
70%
What does water absorb more slowly and retain longer than any other substance?
Heat
What does water help maintain—that is, the ability to keep conditions inside your body stable
Homeostasis
The attraction between substances of the same kind
Cohesion
What is the attraction between different substances?
Adhesion
Identify the type of molecules such as oil’s that do not dissolve well in water
Nonpolar
What are examples of every day substances that will dissolve easily in water?
Sugar and salt
Name the process that produces water and carbon dioxide
Cellular respiration
What are the two types of compounds that dissolve best in water?
Polar and ionic
What is the type of biomolecule responsible for growth, maintenance of tissues, repair of tissues, manufacturing of enzymes, manufacturing of hormones, and manufacturing of anti-bodies?
Proteins
Name the types of substances water is used as a medium to transport
Nutrients, gases, and waste products
Name the subunits that make up proteins
Amino acids
Identify the two things that determine the properties and functions of proteins
Shape and structure
What makes one amino acid different from another?
R group/functional group/side chain
What is polypeptide?
10+ amino acids joined together
Define protease
Enzyme that breaks down protein
What is the part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits?
Active site
What is the substance on which an enzyme acts?
Substrate
Why is a high fever dangerous?
Enzymes won’t work
What do you some laundry detergents contain to help remove common stains such as food and blood?
Enzymes
What are the special structures made by proteins that help protect the body against disease?
Anti-bodies
What is the enzyme’s job in chemical reactions?
To speed up chemical reactions
What are the 8 of the 20 amino acids that your body cannot make called?—they come from diet
Essential
What are buffers?
They help maintain the body’s pH
Identify the type of biomolecules important in body structures such as membranes, organs, and bones, skin, muscle and tendons.
Proteins
What is a monosaccharide?
One sugar
What is a disaccharide?
Two sugars
What is a polysaccharide?
10+ sugars
How do you simple carbohydrates like fruits and honey taste?
Sweet
Identify the types of food dense in carbohydrates
Cellulose, starches, and sugars
How many carbon atoms are in a type of monosaccharide called hexose?
6
Why are monosaccharides the most important sugars and nutrition?
They are the building blocks of all other carbohydrates
What are the functions of lipids?
They are a concentrated form of energy, provide thermal insulation, and provide structural components of shock absorbing pads for organs, bones, and muscles
What are fats made of?
Glycerol +3 fatty acid molecules
What group of biomolecules are facts a subset of?
Lipids
Identify if saturated or unsaturated fats are solids or liquids at room temperature
Saturated fats = solid at room temperature. Unsaturated = liquids at room temperature
What type of lipid can be arranged in a double layer to form cell membranes?
Phospholipids
What is the nucleic acid that has the shape of a double helix?
DNA
What Is the subunit that makes up DNA and RNA?
Nucleotide
Put the levels of ecological/ biological organization in the correct order
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere
