Vocab Quiz 6

Question 1

Dopamine

Answer 1

A neurotransmitter involved in motivation, learning, pleasure, the control of body movement, and other brain functions.

Question 2

Executive Function

Answer 2

Higher level cognitive function, including decision-making and judgment, involved with the control of behavior.

Question 3

Frontal Operculum

Answer 3

The part of the frontal lobe that sits over the insula.

Question 4

Transduction

Answer 4

conversion of one form of energy into another (usually external stimulus energy to neural response)

Question 5

Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD)

Answer 5

This is a common type of dementia caused by the loss of neurons in the frontal lobes. This disorder often strikes earlier than Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia, with most patients diagnosed between their late 40s and early 60s. It also tends to present with more prominent behavior and social impairments as opposed to memory loss, though memory loss is common in later stages of the disease.

Question 6

Retina-geniculate-striate-pathway

Answer 6

main visual pathway; 90% of axons

Question 7

Retinotopic

Answer 7

each level of the visual system is arranged like a retinal map

Question 8

Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid – (GABA)

Answer 8

A neurotransmitter implicated in brain development, muscle control, and reduced stress response.

Question 9

Glioblastoma

Answer 9

An invasive brain tumor made up of glial tissue, blood vessels, and dead neurons.

Question 10

Glioma

Answer 10

A tumor that arises from the brain’s glial tissue.

Question 11

Gyrus

Answer 11

The ridges of the brain’s outer surface.

Question 12

Hippocampus

Answer 12

A primitive brain structure, located deep in the brain, that is critical for memory and learning. (Memory consolidation)

Question 13

Insula

Answer 13

Sometimes referred to as the insular cortex , this small region of the cerebrum is found deep within the lateral sulcus, and is believed to be involved in consciousness, emotion, and keeping the body in balance.

Question 14

Limbic System

Answer 14

A group of brain structures that encircle the top of the brain stem. The limbic structures play complex roles in emotions, instincts, and appetitive behaviors. (the Emotional Center of the Brain).

Question 15

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 15

The lower part of the brain stem, responsible for life-regulating functions like breathing and heart rate.

Question 16

Mesolimbic Pathway

Answer 16

A specialized brain circuit implicated in the processing of risk and reward information.

Question 17

Nucleus Accumbens

Answer 17

Part of the brain’s reward circuitry, or mesolimbic pathway, this small region in the midbrain releases dopamine in response to rewarding experiences.

Question 18

Premotor cortex

Answer 18

This area of the cerebrum located between the prefrontal cortex and the motor cortex in the frontal lobe. It is involved in the planning and execution of movements.

Question 19

Prion

Answer 19

A protein aggregate that can multiply itself, . Prions have the potential to spread within the body and brain, and even from one organism to another –“infectiously” like a virus. They are responsible for a rapid, fatal, and potentially transmissible neurodegenerative disease including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (“mad cow disease”)

Question 20

Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 20

Located in the parietal lobe, the region of the brain that processes touch, pressure, and pain information.

Question 21

Scotoma

Answer 21

an area of blindness

Question 22

Striatum

Answer 22

A small group of subcortical structures, including the caudate nucleus, putamen, and nucleus accumbens, located in the midbrain,. These regions are implicated in both movement and reward related behaviors.

Question 23

Blindsight

Answer 23

ability of patients to respond to visual stimuli in their scotomas, even though they have no awareness of those stimuli

Question 24

Agnosia

Answer 24

failure of recognition

Question 25

Visual Agnosia

Answer 25

agnosia specific to visual perception

Question 26

Prosopagnosia

Answer 26

visual agnosia for faces

Question 27

Subgenual Cortex

Answer 27

The region in the back of the frontal lobes, found below the corpus callosum which has been implicated in mood states.

Question 28

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 28

the eardrum

Question 29

Ossicles

Answer 29

the small bones of the middle ear (incus, malleus, and stapes)