Vocab Quiz 3

Question 1

Adrenal Glands

Answer 1

Located on top of each kidney, these two glands are involved in the body’s response to stress and help regulate growth, blood glucose levels, and the body’s metabolic rate. They receive signals from the brain and secrete several different hormones in response, including cortisol and adrenaline.

Question 2

Adrenaline

Answer 2

Also called epinephrine, this hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress and other challenges to the body. The release of adrenaline causes a number of changes throughout the body, including the metabolism of carbohydrates to supply the body’s energy demands and increased arousal and alertness.

Question 3

Reticular Formation

Answer 3

100 tiny nuclei forming central core of brain stem; also called reticular activating system because of role in arousal, sleep, and attention

Question 4

Optic Chiasm

Answer 4

where optic nerves decussate (cross the midline)

Question 5

Contralateral

Answer 5

projecting from one side of the body to the other side

Question 6

Ipsilateral

Answer 6

staying on the same side of the body

Question 7

Fissures

Answer 7

large furrows (e.g., longitudinal fissure separates the left and right hemispheres)

Question 8

Sulci

Answer 8

(singular sulcus) – small furrows

Question 9

Gyri

Answer 9

(singular gyrus) – ridges between furrows

Question 10

Cerebral Commissures

Answer 10

connect the two hemispheres (e.g., corpus callosum)

Question 11

Central Fissure

Answer 11

separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe

Question 12

Lateral Fissure

Answer 12

separates temporal lobe from parietal and occipital lobe

Question 13

Depolarize

Answer 13

to excite or produce an excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs); increases likelihood neuron will fire

Question 14

Hyperpolarize

Answer 14

to inhibit or produce an inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs); decreases likelihood neuron will fire

Question 15

Graded Responses

Answer 15

EPSPs and IPSPs, which can be different sizes

Question 16

Axon Hillock

Answer 16

thin neck of axon where action potentials are triggered

Question 17

Threshold of Excitation

Answer 17

level of depolarization necessary to trigger action potential; usually around -65 mV

Question 18

Action Potential

Answer 18

massive reversal of the membrane potential from -70 mV to +50 mV; not graded – all or none response

Question 19

Voltage-activated ion channels

Answer 19

ions channels that open in response to voltage channels; responsible for action potential

Question 20

Absolute Refractory Period

Answer 20

brief 1-2 millisecond periods during which a neuron cannot fire

Question 21

Relative Refractory Period

Answer 21

time during which a higher level of activation is needed to make a neuron fire

Question 22

True/False (True)

Answer 22

The so-called Mozart Effect is dubious. The idea sprang from a 1993 study at the University of California in Irvine which showed that 36 college students performed better on an IQ test after listening to Mozart than after relaxation exercises or silence. No one has been able to replicate those results. In fact, a 1999 Harvard University review of 16 similar studies concluded the Mozart Effect is not real. (TRUE)