Vocab Quiz 5

Question 1

Cerebral Angiography

Answer 1

inject radio-opaque dye into cerebral artery

Question 2

Computed Tomography (CT)

Answer 2

3D representation of brain compiled from many X-rays

Question 3

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 3

measures waves that hydrogen atoms emit when they are activated by radio-frequency waves in a magnetic field

Question 4

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 4

images brain activity rather than structure

Question 5

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 5

measures increases in oxygen flow to different brain regions.

Question 6

Basal Ganglia

Answer 6

A group of structures below the cortex involved in motor, cognitive and emotional functions.

Question 7

Basilar Artery

Answer 7

Located at the base of the skull, the basilar artery is a large, specialized blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and nervous system.

Question 8

Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 8

A protective barrier that separates the brain from the blood circulating across the body. The blood-brain barrier is semipermeable, meaning it allows the passage of water as well as molecules like glucose and other amino acides that help promote neural function.

Question 9

Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)

Answer 9

Sometimes referred to as “brain fertilizer” BDNF is a protein that helps promote the growth, maintenance, and survival of neurons.

Question 10

Brain Stem

Answer 10

A primitive part of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord, the brain stem controls functions basic to survival, such as heart rate, breathing, digestive processes, and sleeping.

Question 11

Broca’s area

Answer 11

Discovered by French physician Paul Broca in the late 19th century, this small region of the frontal lobe has been linked to speech production.

Question 12

Central Sulcus

Answer 12

The primary groove in the brain’s cerebrum, which separates the frontal lobe in the front of the brain from the parietal and occipital lobes in the rear of the brain.

Question 13

Cerebellar Artery

Answer 13

The major blood vessel providing oxygenated blood to the cerebellum.

Question 14

Cerebellum

Answer 14

A brain structure located at the top of the brain stem that coordinates the brain’s instructions for skilled, repetitive movements and helps maintain balance and posture. Research suggests the cerebellum may also play a role, along with the cerebrum, in some emotional and cognitive processes.

Question 15

Cerebrum

Answer 15

The cerebrum is the largest brain structure in humans, accounting for about two-thirds of the brain’s mass and positioned over and around most other brain structures. The cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres, as well as specific areas called lobes that are associated with specialized functions.

Question 16

Chronic Encephalopathy Syndrome

Answer 16

Symptoms including memory issues, depression, and impulsive behavior, that manifest themselves after repeated brain traumas. Over time, CES can result in a diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Question 17

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Answer 17

Once known as dementia pugilistica and thought to be confined largely to former boxers, this neurodegenerative disease, with symptoms including impulsivity, memory problems, and depression, affects the brains of individuals who have suffered repeated concussions and traumatic brain injuries.

Question 18

Corpus Callosum

Answer 18

the collection of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.

Question 19

Cortisol

Answer 19

A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that controls how the body uses fat, protein, carbohydrates, and minerals, and helps reduce inflammation. Cortisol is released by the body’s stress response, scientists have found that prolonged exposure to cortisol has damaging effects on the brain.

Question 20

Deep Brain Stimulation

Answer 20

A method of treating various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders through small, controlled electric shocks administered from a special battery-operated neurostimulation implant. The implant, sometimes called a “brain pacemaker” is placed within deep brain regions such as the globus pallidus or subthalamus.