vocab ch 7 Flashcards
barometer
a device used for measuring atmospheric pressure
manometer
a device for measuring the pressure of a gas in a container
mmHg
most commonly used units for pressure based on the height of the Hg column in mm that the gas pressure can support
torr
a mmHg named in honor of Torricelli of the torricellian barometer
standard atmosphere
a unit of pressure equal to 760 mmHg
pascal
the SI unit of pressure equal to newton/m2
Boyle’s law
the V of a given sample of gas at constat T varies inversely with the pressure (i.e. as the P rises, the V decreases)
ideal gas
a gas that strictly obeys Boyle’s law
Charles’s law
the V of a given sample of gas at constant P is directly proportional to the T in K (i.e. as the T rises, the V rises)
absolute zero
0 K, evidence to suggest that this T cannot be attained
Avogadro’s law
equal V of gases at the same T and P contain the same number of particles
universal gas constant
the combined proportionality constant in the ideal gas law (i.e. R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K
or
R = 8.3145J/K mol)
ideal gas law
PV = nRT
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
for a mixture of gases in a container, the total P exerted is the sum of the P that each gas would exert alone
partial pressure
independent P exerted by different gases in a mixture
mole fraction
the ratio of the number of moles of a given component in a mixture to the total number of moles in the mixture
kinetic molecular theory
KMT; a model that assumes that an ideal gas is composed of tiny particles (molecules) in constant motion
joule
kg m2/s2
diffusion
the mixing of gases from areas of high concentration to low concentration
effusion
the passage of gas through a tiny orifice into an evacuated chamber
Graham’s law of effusion
the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles
real gas
gases that typically exhibit behavior closest to ideal behavior at low P and high T
atmosphere
the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth’s surface
air pollution
contamination of the atmosphere, mainly by gaseous products of transportation and production of electricity
