vocab ch 7

Question 1

barometer

Answer 1

a device used for measuring atmospheric pressure

Question 2

manometer

Answer 2

a device for measuring the pressure of a gas in a container

Question 3

mmHg

Answer 3

most commonly used units for pressure based on the height of the Hg column in mm that the gas pressure can support

Question 4

torr

Answer 4

a mmHg named in honor of Torricelli of the torricellian barometer

Question 5

standard atmosphere

Answer 5

a unit of pressure equal to 760 mmHg

Question 6

pascal

Answer 6

the SI unit of pressure equal to newton/m2

Question 7

Boyle’s law

Answer 7

the V of a given sample of gas at constat T varies inversely with the pressure (i.e. as the P rises, the V decreases)

Question 8

ideal gas

Answer 8

a gas that strictly obeys Boyle’s law

Question 9

Charles’s law

Answer 9

the V of a given sample of gas at constant P is directly proportional to the T in K (i.e. as the T rises, the V rises)

Question 10

absolute zero

Answer 10

0 K, evidence to suggest that this T cannot be attained

Question 11

Avogadro’s law

Answer 11

equal V of gases at the same T and P contain the same number of particles

Question 12

universal gas constant

Answer 12

the combined proportionality constant in the ideal gas law (i.e. R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K
or
R = 8.3145J/K mol)

Question 13

ideal gas law

Answer 13

PV = nRT

Question 14

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Answer 14

for a mixture of gases in a container, the total P exerted is the sum of the P that each gas would exert alone

Question 15

partial pressure

Answer 15

independent P exerted by different gases in a mixture

Question 16

mole fraction

Answer 16

the ratio of the number of moles of a given component in a mixture to the total number of moles in the mixture

Question 17

kinetic molecular theory

Answer 17

KMT; a model that assumes that an ideal gas is composed of tiny particles (molecules) in constant motion

Question 18

joule

Answer 18

kg m2/s2

Question 19

diffusion

Answer 19

the mixing of gases from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Question 20

effusion

Answer 20

the passage of gas through a tiny orifice into an evacuated chamber

Question 21

Graham’s law of effusion

Answer 21

the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles

Question 22

real gas

Answer 22

gases that typically exhibit behavior closest to ideal behavior at low P and high T

Question 23

atmosphere

Answer 23

the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth’s surface

Question 24

air pollution

Answer 24

contamination of the atmosphere, mainly by gaseous products of transportation and production of electricity

Question 25

photochemical smog

Answer 25

air pollution produced by the action of light on oxygen, nitrogen oxides and unburned fuel from auto exhaust to form ozone and other pollutants

Question 26

acid rain

Answer 26

a result of air pollution by sulfur dioxide