Vocab A&P1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of the body parts and their relationship with one another.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the functions of living organisms.

Question 3

Ion

Answer 3

Atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

Stable internal environment of the body

Question 5

Replication

Answer 5

Creating an identical copy of a cell, so its genes can be passed to each of its offspring.

Question 6

Translation

Answer 6

One of the two major steps in the transfer of genetic code information, where info carried by mRNA is decoded and used to assemble polypeptides.

Question 7

Transcription

Answer 7

One of the two major steps in the transfer of genetic code information, from a DNA base sequence to the complementary base sequence of an mRNA molecule

Question 8

Triplet

Answer 8

Formed when three microtubules stack on top of one another

Question 9

Codon

Answer 9

The three-base sequence on a messenger RNA molecule that provides the genetic info used in protein synthesis, code for a given amino acid

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

One of the biological units of heredity located in the chromatin, and it transmits heredity information

Question 11

Chemical Level

Answer 11

The lowest level containing atoms, the tiny building blocks of matter which combine to form molecules such as water and proteins which help to form organelles, the basic components of microscopic cells.

Question 12

Cellular Level

Answer 12

The 2nd level containing cells which are the smallest units of living things. Cells have some common functions but individual cells vary widely in size and shape, reflecting their unique function of the body

Question 13

Tissue Level

Answer 13

The 3rd level containing tissues, which are groups of similar cells that have a common function, the four basic types are epithelium, muscle, connective and nervous

Question 14

Organ Level

Answer 14

The 4th level where extremely complex functions become possible. example would be the process of the stomach digesting food

Question 15

Organ System Level

Answer 15

The highest of all the levels which represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive

Question 16

What are the two types of transport

Answer 16

Passive transport, Active transport

Question 17

Passive transport sub-categories

Answer 17

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, Osmosis

Question 18

Simple Diffusion

Answer 18

movement of molecules from high concentration to a low concentration.

Question 19

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 19

when an insoluble molecule binds with a specific transporter and is released on the other side of the lipid bi-layer from high to low concentration.

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

Diffusion of water specifically through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of low concentration to high concentration

Question 21

Active transport sub-categories

Answer 21

Primary Active Transport, Secondary Active Transport

Question 22

Primary Active Transport

Answer 22

ATP is used to introduce a phosphate group into the transport protein, and the protein changes conformation and solute is “pumped” into the cell.
Na+/K+ pump

Question 23

Secondary Active Transport

Answer 23

Powered by the concentration gradient, as one molecule comes down its concentration gradient, another different molecule comes along.

Question 24

Inclusions

Answer 24

Chemical substances that are in some cells but not in all of them.
glycogen granules, lipids, melanin pigments.

Question 25

rRNA

Answer 25

The components of ribosomes and ribosomes aid in the translation process

Question 26

mRNA

Answer 26

Nucleotide strand that “transcribes” the DNA template into something the ribosomes can translate.

Question 27

tRNA

Answer 27

Clover leafed shaped molecules that bring the amino acids to the ribosome for protein/chain building.

Question 28

Compare and contrast of DNA, RNA

Answer 28

Both are composed of nucleotides
DNA is a double stranded polymer made of A,G,C,T
DNA is found in the nucleus, replicates before the cell splits and provides basic instructions to build every protein in the body.
RNA is found outside the nucleus, is a single stranded nucelotide made of A,G,C,U and carries out the orders for protein synthesis

Question 29

Protein Synthesis

Answer 29

DNA triplet  mRNA codon  amino acid anticodon

DNA transcribed  mRNA  translated  protein

Question 30

Cell division stages

Answer 30

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase Telophase