Vocab Flashcards
Fowlers
semi-sitting position (45-60 degrees)
Semi Fowlers
30
Prone
Face down
Supine
face up
Meningitis
inflammation and infection of meninges by virus fungus or bacteria swelling → headache fever rashes altered mental statuus and a stiff neck
Neuropathy
loss of sensation that may feel like numbness tingling or inability to feel often in the extremity
Neuropathies
Nerves of the periphery are damaged by peripheral vascular disease tissue ischemia and diabetes Paresthesia pain weakness
Transient ischemic attack TIA
temporary loss of flow to the brain for only a few minutes Symptoms can be loss of sensation numbness difficulty speaking double vision dysphagia dizziness and motor or sensory deficits
Dysphasia
partial impairment of language
Global Aphasia
Injury to left, middle, cerebra artery infectioncomplete impairment of language for comprehension and verbal, written, signed expression modalities
Visual-Receptive Aphasia
Wernicke’s (injury parietal-occipital area): unable to understand language spoken or written
Expressive Aphasia
Broca’s (injury inferior frontal area): unable to understand written or spoken
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Migraine
dysfunction in stem or genericsThrobbing pain in one side of the head with sense sensitivity to light sound and movement w/ or w/o aura
Tension headache
Stress related predisposed by stress/eye strain/ bad postureEpisodic general pain/pressure around the circumference of the head w/o nausea vomiting photophobia
Cluster headache
Unknown: Post Hypothal/CN V disorder or dysfunctionunilateral one side burning stabbing piercing pain swelling or redness around affected eye at the same time daily 3:1 in men: women
Chronic daily
overuse of analgesic meds Neck stiffness muscle contraction severe on awaking made worse by exertion activity
Dysphonia
Paralysis of soft palate: Diffi speaking hoarseness or whisper
Dysarthria
Motor deficit of tongue or speech muscles
Hypoxia
lack of O2 to brain → changes in mental status
Atrial Fibrulation
↑ risk for stroke by giving to formation of blood clots in atrium. can dislodge and trap in cerebral arteries
Paresthesia
numbness or tingling in extremities due to ↓circulation Chronic →neurological disease, traumatic nerve damage, CNS disease,tumor
Myasthenia
lack of muscled tone or str
Myasthenia gravis
neuromuscular autoimmune → weakness of voluntary muscle chronic muscle fatigue, dysphagia, drooping eyelid, slurred speech
Multiple Sclerosis MS
inflammitory NS disease nerve cells are damaged by ↓transmission and comms btwn brain and body May not be able to walk
Lethargic
Difficulty maintaining mentation or is sluggish Aroused and able to answer
Obtunded
Lowered alertness: can only keep awake while verbal or tactile stimuliConfused when awake
Stupor
Unresponsive to verbal stimuli Lowered pain responseNonverbal if they open their eyes
Comatose
Deep unconsciousness Lack of response to stimuli
Anosmia
Inability to smell or ID the correct smell indicates loss of CN I nerve
Myopia (CN II)
Nearsightedneaa 21+/20
Hyperopia (CN II)
Far sightednessDistant clear near blurriest
Presbyopia (CN II)
Inability to focus needs magnifying glass
Legal blindness (CN II)
20/200 or moreNormal can see at 200 what Person can see 20
Diplopia (CN III, IV, VI)
Subjective complaint related to muscular dysfunction or neurological problem
Nystagmus (CN II, III)
Involuntary cyclical movement of eyes when fixed in a moving object or fixed on something in peripheral vision
Mydriasis (CN II, III)
Bilateral dilated fixed pupils
Miosis (CN II, III)
Abnormal constriction of the pupils
Anasocoria (CN II, III)
Unequal pupil size
Homer’s syndrome (CN II, III)
Affects one side of the faceDroopy eyelid Constricted pupil
Cataracts
Cloudy lens that causes blurry lowered vision or blindness
Glaucoma
Intraocular pressure that damages optic nerveLoss of peripheral vision
Macular degeneration
Degeneration of central field of vision
Ptosis
Droopy eyelid
Blepharitis
Inflammation and infection of the eyelid margins from too much crusty oil
Blocked lacrimal gland
Excessive tearing since they can’t drain
Conjunctivitis
Bacterial or viral infection that causes sceral erythema and conjunctiva yellow green drainage
thready vs bounding
barely felt and easily obliterated easilty felt and hard to oblit
Percussion sounds
Tympany dullResonancehyper”Flatness
Tympany
loud, high pitch, drumlikeheard over air filled viscera
Dull percussion
soft to moderate medium pitch, thud likeover fluid, organs, fat or distended bladder
Resonacnce
moderate to loud, hollow, low pitch
Hyperresonance
soft, booming, low pitch
flatness percussion
loud, dull, high ptich
Pallor
pale
cyanosis
blusih discoloration
McBurny’s point
Ileocecal valve here between umbilical and pelvis at ()
aneurysm
wakening and outpouching of artery
AB distension
fluid, fat, gas, fibroids baby
Asceites
fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity
Diastasis recti
spliting of rectus abdominis muscuiles at midline (linea alba)
hernias
weaking of ab wallloops of intestines and tissues pass into the peritoneuamclassifed by loci: inguinal, epigastric, ubmilical, incisional, Diastasis recti
Cullen’s sign
ecchymosis arround the umbilicus → intra-ab bleeding
ecchymosis
superficial bleeding under skin
abnormal bowl asuc
hyperactivehypoactiveno soiunds
Hyperactive bowel
loud high pitched sounds in people with diarrhea, laxatives, gastroenteritis, and early obstruction
hypoactive bowel
slow ↓soundsin epople with constipation, obstruction, medicatsions
no bowel sounds
may → paralytic ileus after surgery, bowel obstruction
Bruits
Turbulent, blowing sounds over partially or totally obstructed artery caused by buildup of plaque
Friction rub
grating sounds heard over inflamed organs with serous surfaces commonly over the RUQ liver or LUQ spleen
Rebound tenderness
indicative of peritoneal inflammationcheck by slowly pressing on tender area and quickly let go
Aceites
abnormal fluid accumulation, detectable after 500 mL with percussion , fluid waves and ultrasounddull percussion laterally to fluid tympany at mid ab
Paracentesis
procedure to remove fluid from peritoneal cavity by needle insertion into the cavity. Usually done when person is respiratory distress or ad pain
Menopause
no menses for 12 mths
dry skin, hair loss, hot flashes, insomnia, mood changes/irritability, irreg periods, night sweats, dry vag, wt gain
Joint types
fused: in skull ireggular and flat
Ball and socket
shoulder and hip
hinge
elbow and fingers and knee and toes
Gliding
wrist hand ankle foot
Plane
vertibrae
condyloid
wrists
Abduction
move from midline
adduction
move to midline
pronation
rotation from anatomical neutral
supination
rotation to anatomical neutral
eversion
bending away moving from midline (ankle)
inversion
bending toward midline (ankle)
Dorsiflexion
upward flex of foot
plantarflexion
down flex of foot
flexion
moving toward body
extension
moving away from body
elevation
movement that raises a part in its plane (shoulder shrug)
Tendons
力 to joint
Ligament
力 to 力
Strain
tendon injury
Sprain
ligament injury
Osteoarthritis (OA)
progressive wear down of protective cartilage affects distal interphalangeal joins
Osteoporosis
progressive loss of bone density
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
progressive inflammatory autoimmune that attacks metacarpophalangeal synovial joints in hands and feet
paresthesia
burring, tingling, prickling(Serious, needs further assessment and should notify HCP)
Ataxia
unsteady gait from injury, pain or cerebellar function
Diplegic gait (Scissors gait)
Legs swing across midline to compensate for lack of motioncommon w/cerebral palsy
Shuffling gait
Problem with balance, Parkinson’s (characteristic), ↓lower extremity strength
Foot drop
weakness or paralysis of 力 in lower leg or inabliiy to control plantar flexsion of the ankle (cant bring foot to neutral)→peroneal nerve injurst or 力/nerveological disroder
Scoliosis
S or C shaped curvature in the lateral plane of spine
Kyphosis
hunchback curvature in thoracic spinecan affect thorax contents
Lordosis
↑lower back arch curvature
Bouchard’s nodes
bony enlargements of proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP), common in people with OA and RA
Heberden’s nodes
bony enlargements of distal interphalangeal joints common in people with OA
Tinel’s sign
for Carpel tunnel syndrome: Palm up and fingers at natural curl, tap median nerve at wrists (thumb side)Tingling or pain radiating to thump, index or middle finger is positive
Phalen’s test
flex both wrists in and fingers extended pointing down (╦) and press together for 1 min Positive if tingling or numbness in the palmar aspect of the fingers
Hallux Valgus
Bunionlateral deviation and enlarged joint of the great toe
Hammertoe
permanent contracted-toe deformity proximal interphalangeal joint of 2-4th toe can be affected
Trendelenburg’s position
supine, bed is flat and angled so head is lowest part of body
Reverse Trendelenburg’s position
Body supine, bed itself is angled so head is higher than body
Perimenopausal
E and p fluctuations before meno
Amenorrhea
absence of menses
Primary Amenorrhea
15< w/o ever having a period
Secondary Amenorrhea
Secondary: 3-6 w/o period
Metrorraghia
uterine bleeding at irregular intervals most often associated with dysfunctional ovaries
Menorrhagia
excessive or prolonged duration of menses
Oligomenorrhea
decreased or light menses
Primary dysmenorrhea
lower abdominal pain that may radiate to the lower back or legs, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, fatigue, and depression
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Nausea Vomiting Tender breasts Fatigue Bloating Gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., constipation, heartburn, or diarrhea) Insomnia Irritability Mood swings
Fibrocystic breast disease
benign painless lumps or thickening of tissue in breasts
Breast cysts
fluid-filled lumps in the breast
Mastectomy
surgical removal of one or both breasts.
Breast reduction/augmentation
Remove or increase breast size
Fibroadenomas
solid, round, rubbery lumps filled with fibrous and glandular tissues; these lumps move easily when pushed
Breast cancer signs
lump, edema, nip discharge change in breasts, pain
Bacterial Vaginosis
Overgrowth of vaginal bacteria
Thin, white, yellow, or grayish Fishy odor
Genital itching, redness, dysuria
Candidiasis
Fungal infection
Thick, white, curd-like, Genital itching, burning, dysuria
Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
Bleeding after sexual intercourse Discharge with foul odor
Dysuria, abdominal pain, genital itching or burning
Trichomoniasis
parasite: Trichomonas vaginalis
Clear, white, yellow-green Frothy discharge
Genital itching, burning, redness, dysuria
Supernumerary nipple
additional nipple somewhere along the mammary line
Peau d ’orange
pitting, dimpling, or swelling seen in inflamed skin
carcinoma
Nipple discharge
normally seen in a pregnant woman and one who is breastfeeding
Paget’s disease
the areola is bumpy, persistently itchy, red, or scaly; patient may complain of tingling sensation
Gonorrhea
inflammation of the urethra, prostate, rectum, and/or pharynx
yellow mucopurulent penile discharge
Chlamydia men
penile discharge and dysuria, pain with urination.
Dysuria
pain and difficulty with urination
Bladder pain
indicate cystitis, inflammation of the bladder due to infection
Back pain man genital assessment
costovertebral tenderness may indicate inflammation of the kidneys or possibly the presence of kidney stones
Testicular pain
trauma, infection, or cancer; testicular torsion
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland
Hydrocele
accumulation of fluid around the testes
Epididymitis
swelling and inflammation of the epididymis
Gynecomastia
overdeveloped fibroglandular breast tissue
Syphilis chancre
painless, firm, round, and open sore →penis
Cellulitis
skin appears red and swollen; feels warm, hot, and tender
Ischemia
restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed
Tissue Ischemia
Pain pallor, skin color change
myocardial infarction \ heart attack
Dizziness, nausea, cold sweat, shortness of breath. discomfort in (chest, jaw, arm, shoulder abdomen), uncomfortable fullness\pressure\pain in chest
Stenosis
abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body
syncope
fainting usually from ↑BP
mumps
edema in parotid glands →puffed up cheeks, loci pain, fatigue, fever headache
pruritus
itchy skin
scabies
itchy red papules
worse at night
Itchy lumps or nodules in the armpits and groin →→~
palms and soles, wrists and axilla, umbilicus
Thomas test
leg pulled toward chest while lying down
CAGE questions
Cut down
Annoyed
Guilty
Eye-opener (first thing of day)
Scatoma (CN III, IV, VI)
reduced or absent vision surrounded by normal vision
Hemianopia (CN III, IV, VI)
half lost of visual field
Accommodation (CN II, III)
cross eying
Consensual Pupil response (CN II, III)
pupil
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
Cardiac Dyspnea
due to ↓cardiac output
Expiratory Dyspnea
due to chronic COPD wheezing
Orthopnea
shortness due to supine
Paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea
shortness while sleep, sit upright to breath, cardiovasc reasons
Fremitus
solidity of lungs or space in cavity
↑with pneumonia
↓lowered air movement / fluid
Crackles
sudden opening of airways by coughing
cleared by coughing
Wheezing
narrowed passage ways in bronchial trees
Rhonchi
loud deeper wheezing
Stridor
Emergency loudest over trachea
upper airway obstruction
adventitious breath sounds
abnormal sounds that are heard over a patient’s lungs and airways (includes crackles, wheezing, rhonchi)
