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NUR 109 - Health Assessment > Abdomen Assessment > Flashcards

Abdomen Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

MMSE (minimental state examination )

A 
30 max ::: LT 23=cog impairment 
orientation
registration 
attention and calculation
recall
language
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2
Q

thready vs bounding

A

barely felt and easily obliterated

easilty felt and hard to oblit

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3
Q

Percussion sounds

A 
Tympany 
dull
Resonance
hyper"
Flatness
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4
Q

Tympany

A

loud, high pitch, drumlike

heard over air filled viscera

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5
Q

Dull percussion

A

soft to moderate medium pitch, thud like

over fluid, organs, fat or distended bladder

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6
Q

Resonacnce

A

moderate to loud, hollow, low pitch

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7
Q

Hyperresonance

A

soft, booming, low pitch

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8
Q

flatness percussion

A

loud, dull, high ptich

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9
Q

Pallor

A

pale

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10
Q

cyanosis

A

blusih discoloration

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11
Q

AST and ALT aspartate/alanine aminotransferase

A

large amounts in liver and heart

LT but sig amounts in muscle, kidneys pancreas, brain

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12
Q

NH4 test

A

severe liver damage and at hepatic portal from AA breakdown

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13
Q

bilirubin test

A

heme catalysois from marrow liver spleen –>jaundice in skin and sclera

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14
Q

liver biopsy

A

determine cell morpho and abnormalitys

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15
Q

Liver and spleen ultrasound

A

for structure, size, and position

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16
Q

Hepatobilliary iminodiacetic acid scan (HIDA)

A

tracking bile production from liver to SI to ID gall, bile duct, liver problems

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17
Q

Amalyse lipase enymes indicate what

A

obstuction and acinar cell damage –> obstruc inflam early cancer

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18
Q

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy test

A

endoscope to assess mucose of upper GI, remove foreing bodies polyps and diagnosis

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19
Q

Stool analysis to ID what

A

volume, oder, shape, color, consistancy, mucus, pathogens and substances

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20
Q

Fecal Occult blood test (FOBT)

A

hidden blood in shit as first sign of colon cancer

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21
Q

Liver loci

A

most of RUQ

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22
Q

Gallbladder loci

A

RUQ

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23
Q

Pancreas loci

A

UQs touches lower spleen and bottom sits in duodenum

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24
Q

stomach loci

A

somewhere

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25
Q

Spleen loci

A

LUQ to epigastric region under cage ()

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26
Q

(Veriform) appendix

A

9 cm RLQ

2 in under McBurny’s point

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27
Q

McBurny’s point

A

Ileocecal valve here between umbilical and pelvis at ()

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28
Q

Kidney loci

A

Either side of T12 to L3

R kidnet is 1-2 cm lower than L bc of libver

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29
Q

BUN test

A

blood urea test: [NH4] for kidney function

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30
Q

Creatinine

A

end product of muscle metab

31
Q

GFR

A

glomerulaer filtration rate= blood that passes glom in 1 min

32
Q

Ab major arteries

A

Aorta Renals Iliacs Femorals

33
Q

Liver HH foci

A 
▲weight
▲appitite/tolerance
dysphagia (diff swallowing)
Nausia/vomiting 
Indigestion/Hearburn
Ab/Pelvic pain
Constipation/Diarrhea (narrow stools =obstuction)
Gas
Urination
▲skin
travel
34
Q

Pyrosis

A

burning sensation in epigastic area radiating to thraot

35
Q

Exact sequence of Ab assessment

A

Inspection
Ausculation
Indirect Percussion
Paplpation (light then deep)

36
Q

9 quadrent system

A

LR hypochondriac mid=epigastric region
RL lumbar mid=umbilical region
LR Iliac mid: hypogastric

37
Q

Organs in RUQ

A 
Duodenum
Gall
liver
pancreas head
R kidney/adrenal
hepatic flexure of colon
part of asc/trans colon
38
Q

LUQ organs

A 
L lobe of liver 
stomach
spleen
body of panc
L kid/adrenal
splenic flexure of colon
part of trans/desc colon
39
Q

RLQ organs

A 
Cecum
Appendix
R ovary/tube
R ureter
R spermatic cord
part of ascending colon
40
Q

LLQ organs

A 
part of desc colon
sigmoid colon
L ovary/tube
left ureter
L spermatic cord
41
Q

Midline organs

A

Aorta
uterus
bladder

42
Q

Abnormal ab inspection

A

↑peristalic waves/pulsations
distension
hernia

43
Q

↑ peri waves →

A

seen with obstruction

44
Q

Ab pulastions →

A

aortic aneurysm

45
Q

aneurysm

A

wakening and outpouching of artery

46
Q

AB distension

A

fluid, fat, gas, fibroids baby

47
Q

Asceites

A

fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity

48
Q

Diastasis recti

A

spliting of rectus abdominis muscuiles at midline (linea alba)

49
Q

hernias

A

weaking of ab wall
loops of intestines and tissues pass into the peritoneuam
classifed by loci: inguinal, epigastric, ubmilical, incisional, Diastasis recti

50
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

ecchymosis arround the umbilicus → intra-ab bleeding

51
Q

ecchymosis

A

superficial bleeding under skin

52
Q

Bowel Ausc

A

Start at McBurny’s point in RLQ to RUQ around

53
Q

Normal clicks and gurges #

A

5-34

54
Q

abnormal bowl asuc

A

hyperactive
hypoactive
no soiunds

55
Q

Hyperactive bowel

A

loud high pitched sounds

in people with diarrhea, laxatives, gastroenteritis, and early obstruction

56
Q

hypoactive bowel

A

slow ↓sounds

in epople with constipation, obstruction, medicatsions

57
Q

no bowel sounds

A

may → paralytic ileus after surgery, bowel obstruction

58
Q

Vascular bowl sounds

A

Use bell over 4 major arteries for no bruits

59
Q

Bruits in bowels

A

liver disease or portal distension

60
Q

Bruits

A

Turbulent, blowing sounds over partially or totally obstructed artery caused by buildup of plaque

61
Q

Venous hum in bowel

A

continues medium pitched sound caused by bruits

62
Q

Friction rub

A

grating sounds heard over inflamed organs with serous surfaces commonly over the RUQ liver or LUQ spleen

63
Q

Ab Percussion

A

Indirect percussion for note and quality of sounds

Normally tympani in the 4 quadrants and dullness over organs

64
Q

abnormal tympany over bowels can →

A

distension

65
Q

abnomrnal dullness over bowels →

A

↑tissue density like organ enlargement or mass

66
Q

pain in percussion →

A

peritoneal infammation

67
Q

Splenic enlargement

A

expands ant, inf, and medially. replaces tymp of stomach and colon with dullness

3x to palpate

68
Q

Palpation of ab

A

Light digs 1/2 deep and deep digs 1.5-2” deep

Paplate clockwise look for pain

69
Q

Ab palp abnormals

A

Tenderness
Light: nodule or mass felt
Deep: mases enlarged organs

70
Q

Rebound tenderness

A

indicative of peritoneal inflammation

check by slowly pressing on tender area and quickly let go

71
Q

Bladder palpation

A

lightly palp for distended bladder between symphysis pubis and umbilicus. note size and loci

72
Q

Bladder palp normal vs abnormal

A

N: empty not palp
Partially filled is firm and smooth
A: smooth round and firm mass extending as far up as the umbilicus

Tenderness may → bladder infection

73
Q

Aceites

A

abnormal fluid accumulation, detectable after 500 mL with percussion , fluid waves and ultrasound

dull percussion laterally to fluid tympany at mid ab

74
Q

Paracentesis

A

procedure to remove fluid from peritoneal cavity by needle insertion into the cavity. Usually done when person is respiratory distress or ad pain

NUR 109 - Health Assessment (6 decks)

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