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NUR 109 - Health Assessment > Neurological System > Flashcards

Neurological System Flashcards

1
Q

3 main parts from the brain

A

Cerebrum (Front/Parietal/Temporal/Occipital)
Cerebellum
Brainstem (Pons\Medulla Oblongata\Midbrain)

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2
Q

Front lobe

A

↑cognitive function reasoning abstraction Concentration

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3
Q

Parietal lobe

A

integrates sensory information

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4
Q

Temporal lobe

A

sound smell processing of complex stimuli

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5
Q

Occipital lobe

A

light sense and interpretation of visual stimuli

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6
Q

Cerebellum

A

links sense inpit with motion

coordination and balance

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7
Q

Pons

A

Message relay from cerebrum and cerebellum and has pneumotaxic center (rate and rhythm) taht controls respirator function

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8
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Eye head coordination

has centers for cardiac vasomotor and respiratory systems

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9
Q

Midbrain

A

center of hemispheres and lower brain

center for auditory and visual reflexes

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10
Q

CNS pathways

A

Sensory pathways to became conscious perceptions
Motor paths transmit signals from the brain to muscles
Nerves cross over

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11
Q

CN nerves

A

12 nerves: 2 from cerebrum 10 from brainstem

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12
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory (sensory)

smell

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13
Q

CN II

A

Optic (sense)

sight

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14
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor (motor)
Eye movement superiorly, medial. diagonal
contracts pupil

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15
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear (Motor)

Eye movement up and down

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16
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal (Sense/motor)
M: Chewing and jaw opening and clenching
S: Convey sense from eye (cornea), nose mouth teeth jaw forehead scalp and facial skin

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17
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens

M: lateral eye movement

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18
Q

CN VII

A

Facial
M:Closes eyes and mouth, moving mouth and other facial muscles, salivation and lacrimation
S: Tasting on anterior tongue

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19
Q

CN VIII

A

Acoustic

S:hearing and equilibrium

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20
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal
M: swallowing, gag sense and saliva secretion
S: Post tongue taste

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21
Q

CN X

A

Vagus
M: Palate, pharynx, larynx (speaking and swallowing )
SM: cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems

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22
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory

M: Contraction muscles of neck and shoulders

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23
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

M: tongue movement, articulation with the tongue , swallowing

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24
Q

Spinal Nerve pairs

A 
8 for Cervical
12 for T
5 for T
5 for Sacral
1 for coccygeal
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25
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

ctrl visceral functions (rest and digest)

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26
Q

Sympathetic system

A

Crtl excitatory response

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27
Q

ANS ctrl →

A

Smooth muscle
glands of organs and blood vessels
sensory information to brain

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28
Q

Brain CT scan

A

structural imaging study

diagnoses cerebral hemorrhage tumors and inflammatory disorders

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29
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

attached to the head to measure electrical activity of the brain to diagnose seizure activity and neurological disorders

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30
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

needles in to the subarachnoid space of vertebrae for CSF

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31
Q

Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI)

A

structural imaging study to create a clear picture of the tissue used for the diagnosis of neurological disease spinal cord injuries and cerebral infarction

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32
Q

Positron=emission tomography (PET)

A

evaluates brains metabolism flow O2 use and glucose metabolism and chemical processes using a radioactive dye
for early detection of dementias Parkinson’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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33
Q

Cerebral angiography

A

dye to femoral arteries for cerebra l circulation

for stenosis occlusion or aneurysms

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34
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation and infection of meninges by virus fungus or bacteria
swelling → headache fever rashes altered mental statuus and a stiff neck

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35
Q

Neuropathy

A

loss of sensation that may feel like numbness tingling or inability to feel often in the extremity

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36
Q

Neuropathies

A

Nerves of the periphery are damaged by peripheral vascular disease tissue ischemia and diabetes

Paresthesia pain weakness

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37
Q

Transient ischemic attack TIA

A

temporary loss of flow to the brain for only a few minutes
Symptoms can be loss of sensation numbness difficulty speaking double vision dysphagia dizziness and motor or sensory deficits

38
Q

Dysphasia

A

partial impairment of language

39
Q

Global Aphasia

A

Injury to left, middle, cerebra artery infection
complete impairment of language
for comprehension and verbal, written, signed expression modalities

40
Q

Visual-Receptive Aphasia

A

Wernicke’s (injury parietal-occipital area): unable to understand language spoken or written

41
Q

Expressive Aphasia

A

Broca’s (injury inferior frontal area): unable to understand written or spoken

42
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

43
Q

Types of headache

A 
Migraine
Tension
Cluster 
Chronic daily 
Increased or decreased CSF headache
44
Q

Migraine

A

dysfunction in stem or generics

Throbbing pain in one side of the head with sense sensitivity to light sound and movement w/ or w/o aura

45
Q

Tension headache

A

Stress related predisposed by stress/eye strain/ bad posture

Episodic general pain/pressure around the circumference of the head w/o nausea vomiting photophobia

46
Q

Cluster headache

A

Unknown: Post Hypothal/CN V disorder or dysfunction
unilateral one side burning stabbing piercing pain swelling or redness around affected eye at the same time daily
3:1 in men: women

47
Q

Chronic daily

A

overuse of analgesic meds
Neck stiffness muscle contraction
severe on awaking made worse by exertion activity

48
Q

Increased or decreased CSF headache

A

Benign lesion, increase CSF →ICP, post lumbar puncture, vinous Valsalva (lifting straining coughing)
General pressure headache, presents on walking, some relief over day, visual disturbances

49
Q

Dysphonia

A

Paralysis of soft palate:

Diffi speaking hoarseness or whisper

50
Q

Dysarthria

A

Motor deficit of tongue or speech muscles

51
Q

Hypoxia

A

lack of O2 to brain → changes in mental status

52
Q

Atrial Fibrulation

A

↑ risk for stroke by giving to formation of blood clots in atrium. can dislodge and trap in cerebral arteries

53
Q

Paresthesia

A

numbness or tingling in extremities due to ↓circulation

Chronic →neurological disease, traumatic nerve damage, CNS disease,tumor

54
Q

Myasthenia

A

lack of muscled tone or str

55
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

neuromuscular autoimmune → weakness of voluntary muscle

chronic muscle fatigue, dysphagia, drooping eyelid, slurred speech

56
Q

Multiple Sclerosis MS

A

inflammitory NS disease
nerve cells are damaged by ↓transmission and comms btwn brain and body
May not be able to walk

57
Q

NS HH

A

General health, genetics, health promotion (exercise, exercise. sleep , stress), skin. head nose ears eyes throat respiratory cardiovascular gastrointestinal musculoskeletal endocrine hematological

58
Q

MMSE

A

Time orientation
Registration
Naming
Reading

59
Q

Glasgow scale for comas min/max

A

Eye\motor\ verbal response

3 to 15

60
Q

Glasgow eye response

A

4: opens spontaneously
3: opens on verbal command
2: opens to pain
1: No response

61
Q

Glasgow Motor response

A

6: Reacts to verbal command
5: IDs localized pain
4: Flexes and withdrawal from pain
3: Assumes flexor posture
2: Assumes extensor posture
1: No reponse

62
Q

Glasgow verbal response

A

5: oriented and converses
4: disoriented but converses
3: uses inappropriate words
2: makes in comprehensible words
1: No response

63
Q

Deep tendon reflexes grading

A

0: Absent
1+: slight response but diminished
2+: normal response w/ average str
3+: very brisk or exaggerated response may (not) be normal
4+tap gives a repeating reflex (clonus) always abnormal

64
Q

Level of consciousness assessment

Questions

A

Do you have any kids? –> memory

Basically conversationally test these things out

65
Q

Lethargic

A

Difficulty maintaining mentation or is sluggish

Aroused and able to answer

66
Q

Obtunded

A

Lowered alertness: can only keep awake while verbal or tactile stimuli
Confused when awake

67
Q

Stupor

A

Unresponsive to verbal stimuli
Lowered pain response
Nonverbal if they open their eyes

68
Q

Comatose

A

Deep unconsciousness

Lack of response to stimuli

69
Q

Anosmia

A

Inability to smell or ID the correct smell indicates loss of CN I nerve

70
Q

CN II test visual acuity

A

Snellen chart at 20 ft

Used for sight loss like far near sightedness

71
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedneaa 21+/20

72
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far sightedness

Distant clear near blurriest

73
Q

Presbyopia

A

Inability to focus needs magnifying glass

74
Q

Legal blindness

A

20/200 or more

Normal can see at 200 what Person can see 20

75
Q

Ocular motility test for CN III, IV, VI

A

Finger movement test in H formation 6 cardinal position of gaze

76
Q

Diplopia

A

Subjective complaint related to muscular dysfunction or neurological problem

77
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary cyclical movement of eyes when fixed in a moving object or fixed on something in peripheral vision

78
Q

Visual field test CN III IV VI

A

Checking for peripheral vision

79
Q

Convergence and Accomodation nerves

A

CN II III

80
Q

Consensual pupil response

A

Penlight in pupil do they both react

81
Q

Mydriasis

A

Bilateral dilated fixed pupils

82
Q

Miosis

A

Abnormal constriction of the pupils

83
Q

Anasocoria

A

Unequal pupil size

84
Q

Homer’s syndrome

A

Affects one side of the face
Droopy eyelid
Constricted pupil

85
Q

Cataracts

A

Cloudy lens that causes blurry lowered vision or blindness

86
Q

Glaucoma

A

Intraocular pressure that damages optic nerve

Loss of peripheral vision

87
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Degeneration of central field of vision

88
Q

Ptosis

A

Droopy eyelid

89
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation and infection of the eyelid margins from too much crusty oil

90
Q

Blocked lacrimal gland

A

Excessive tearing since they can’t drain

91
Q

Cataracts

A

Opacity of lens

92
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial or viral infection that causes sceral erythema and conjunctiva yellow green drainage

NUR 109 - Health Assessment (6 decks)

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