Vocab Flashcards
Sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord
Afferent
The perception of pain from a normally non painful stimulus
Allodynia
Pathological fusion of bones across a joint
Ankylosis
Made up of two vertebral bodies and an intervertebral discb weight bearing
Anterior motion segment
Type II nerve injury; disruption of not only the myelin sheath, but the axon as well. The epineurium and perinereurium remain in tact, meaning that there is still some continuity within the nerve. Axonotmesis leads to Wallerian degeneration a process whereby the part of the axon that is separated from the neuronal celled disintegrates distal to the injury. The prognosis for nerves ar this stage is fair, and recovery may require months. Commonly seen in crush injuries and displaced bone fractures.
Axonotmesis
Released from damaged muscle tissue; inflammatory process and sensitizes nociceptors
Bradykinin
Small, slow, non-myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation; nociceptors
C fibers
Is a small progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steadily applied load. When a load is applied to a viscoelastic structure, it immediately deforms under thebload.
Creep
Innervate the skin and intrinsic muscles of the back
Dorsal rami
Seen in nerve root compression; pain pattern follows course of a dermatoneb sharp or burning pain; radicular
Dermatogenous pain pattern
Motor impulses from the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the periphery
Efferent
The tendency of tissue under load to return to it’s original size and shape after removal of the load. Rubber bands and ligaments are examples
Elasticity
Connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers
Endoneurium
Connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers
Epineurium
Responsible for direction of motion (directional guidance)
Facets
Increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing. Continued stimulation results in hyperactive responses
Facilitation
Receptors located at the end of muscle that detect muscle tension. Inhibits muscles contraction when stimulated
Golgi tendon organ
Treats patients with heavily diluted preparations (primarily from plant mineral sources) which are thought to cause effects similar to the symptoms presented.
Homeopathy
Refers to the loss of energy whe the disc or other viscoelastic structures are subjected to repetitive cycles of loading and unloading. It is absorption or dissipation of energy a distorted structure. Example: jumping up and down, the shock energy is absorbed by the discs on it’s way from the feet to head
Hysteresis
Intra-articular synovial tabs; may prevent a joint from having full mobility
Meniscoid
Functional unit of the spine consisting of two vertebral bodies, the disc in between those bodies, the articular facets, as well as the and ligaments binding the two vertebrae to one another. The vertebral bodies and the disc make up the anterior motion segment, while the posterior motion segment consists of the articular facets.
Motion segment
Receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fibers.
Muscle spindle
Type I nerve injury. Involves a reversible conduction block characterized by local ischemia and selective demyelination of the axon sheath. The axon’s continuity is retained, and although conduction across the nerve injury is inhibited, conduction within the nerve both proximal and distal to the legion remains intact. The prognosis for an injured nerve at this stage is good, and recovery occurs within weeks to months. Wrist drop secondary to prolonged external pressure that compresses the radial nerve at the spiral groove of the humerus is a clinical example.
Neurpraxia
Type III nerve injury ; the most severe form of nerve injury, is associated with complete nerve division and disruption of the endoneurium. The axon, myelin sheath, and connective-tissue components are damaged, disrupted, or transacted. As with a onetime sis, neurotmesis initiates Wallerian degeneration, but the prognosis for nerves is poor. Commonly seen after lacerations or ischemic injuries.
Neurotmesis
Sensory receptors sensitive to pain.
Nociceptor
Focus was on the “rule of the artery” and the use on nonspecific manipulation to enhance the flow of the blood
Osteopathy
Connective tissue that surrounds smaller bundles of nerve fibers
Perineurium
The property of a material that instantly deforms when a load is applied and does not return to its original shape when the load is removed. Example can be bone
Plasticity
Articular facets; responsible for directional guidance; mechanoreceptors and nociceptors surrounds the posterior motion segment.
Posterior motion segment
Preceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints that detect position and motion of the body
Proprioceptors
Pain originating from a sclerotome. Commonly seen in injury to the facets or SI joints; pain is dull in nature; poorly localized
Sclerotogenous pain pattern
Recurrent branches of the primary dorsal rami of the spinal nerves that innervate the fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertebral joints, and intervertebral disc of the vertebrae. Goes to PLL, ligamentum Flava, anterior dura but NOT to the anterior longitudinal ligament
Sinu-vertebral nerve (aka Recurrent meningeal nerve)
Essentially refers to the skin, bone, nerve, and muscle
Soma (somatic)
Related to growth and nutrition
Tropic
Run through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae( beginning at c6). Obstruction of the transverse foramina may lead to vertebral artery insufficiency.
Vertebral arteries
Innervate the skin and muscles of the trunk and limbs
Ventral rami
Essentially refers to autonomic organs, blood, and lymph vessels
Viscera (visceral)
The principles that maintains the laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life
Vitalism
