Research Flashcards
A written report on the details of a series of related cases.
Case series
A written report on the details of a single case
Case study
Research that addresses issues directly related to patient care
Clinical research
A prospective longitudinal experiment designed to asses the comparative efficacy or effectiveness of a treatment, often labeled a randomized clinical trial if random assignment of subjects is made to each of the comparison treatment group
Clinical trial
A defined group of people observed over a period of time
Cohort
A comparison group assignment in a clinical trial that receives no treatment, a placebo treatment, or an alternative treatment.
Control group
Measurements taken at one moment in time
Cross sectional studies
An experiment in which patients and either doctors or outcome assessors are blinded
Double blind study
A general or spastically expression of how often a condition or disease occurs
Frequency
A measure of agreed upon accuracy and validity
Gold standard
The proportion of a clearly defined group, initially free of a condition, that develops it over a period of time
Incidence
The consistency of measured results between different practitioners evaluating the same thing
Interovserver reliability
The consistency in which on e practitioner can consistently arrive at the same results
Intraobserver reliability
A study in which the researcher observes events as they occur naturally or in the course of normal practice, without attempting to influence them.
Observational study
The proportion of a population having a particular condition or outcome at a given moment
Prevalence
A study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome
Prospective study
A prospective longitudinal study in which patients are divided into two or more groups on a randomized basis
Randomized control
The consistency of a measurement when repeated (reproducibility)
Reliability
Also called a historic cohort study, generally means to take a look back at events that already have taken place
Retrospective study
The proportion of times a diagnostic study is correct in patients without a specific diagnosis
Sensitivity
A study in which the patients are blinded as to whether they are in the experimental group or the comparison group
Single blind study
The proportion of times a diagnostic procedure is correct in a patient without a specific diagnosis
Specificity
The degree to which an observation or measurement provides an indication of the true state of the phenomena being measured
Validity
