vocab 5

Question 1

linguistic expressions

Answer 1

any physical form (sound, visual image or sequence thereof) used to represent a linguistic unit.

Question 2

grammatical

Answer 2

is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language.

Question 3

ungrammatical

Answer 3

In violation of one or more of the rules and conventions of a language as defined by the grammar, resulting in unacceptable, or incorrect, usage.

Question 4

grammatically judgement

Answer 4

reflection of speakers mental grammar.

Question 5

principle of compositionally

Answer 5

is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them.

Question 6

lexical expressions

Answer 6

(words) is usually the type expected from a request for definition, and it is generally expected that such a definition will be stated as simply as possible in order to convey information to the widest audience

Question 7

subject

Answer 7

occurs immediately to the left of the verb.

Question 8

object

Answer 8

occurs immediately to the right of the verb.

Question 9

adjuncts

Answer 9

a word or phrase used to amplify or modify the meaning of another word or words in a sentence.

Question 10

agreement

Answer 10

refers to a formal relationship between elements whereby a form of one word requires a corresponding form of another.

Question 11

syntactic constituent

Answer 11

smaller expressions out of which the phrase was constructed.

Question 12

cleft

Answer 12

a kind of sentence which some constituent is displaced or moved to the left.

Question 13

substitution

Answer 13

replacing a constituent with a single word.

Question 14

pro-forms

Answer 14

a type of function word or expression that stands in for (expresses the same content as) another word, phrase, clause or sentence where the meaning is recoverable from the context.

Question 15

syntactic categories

Answer 15

a type of syntactic unit that theories of syntax assume..

Question 16

syntactic distribution

Answer 16

determines the syntactic category to which it belongs..

Question 17

noun phrases

Answer 17

personal pronouns, proper names and any other expressions that have the same distribution.

Question 18

determiners

Answer 18

a modifying word that determines the kind of reference a noun or noun group has, for example a, the, every.

Question 19

count nouns

Answer 19

nouns like cat or desk. can be counted.

Question 20

mass nouns

Answer 20

cannot be pluralized.

Question 21

adjectives

Answer 21

a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify or describe it.

Question 22

verb phrase

Answer 22

the part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object.

Question 23

intransitive verbs

Answer 23

verbs that require no complements.

Question 24

ditransitive verbs

Answer 24

a verb that does not take a direct object.

Question 25

sentential complement verbs

Answer 25

category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase,

Question 26

prepositional phrase

Answer 26

consists of preposition and noun phrase.

Question 27

lexical entries

Answer 27

is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words that forms the basic elements of a language’s lexicon.

Question 28

phrase structure rules

Answer 28

used to capture patterns of syntactic combination.

Question 29

ambiguous

Answer 29

linguistic forms can be this.

Question 30

lexical ambiguity

Answer 30

the presence of two or more possible meanings within a single word.

Question 31

structural ambiguity

Answer 31

the potential of multiple interpretations for a piece of written or spoken language because of the way words or phrases are organized.

Question 32

argument

Answer 32

an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate, the latter referring in this context to a main verb and its auxiliaries.

Question 33

topicalized sentences

Answer 33

an expression as the sentence or clause topic by having it appear at the front of the sentence or clause.

Question 34

word order

Answer 34

order of subject, verb and noun in a sentence.

Question 35

syntax

Answer 35

is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences.

Question 36

phrasal expressions

Answer 36

result from combining a verb with an adverb or a preposition

Question 37

subject-verb-object

Answer 37

word pattern which subject precedes verb, which in turn precedes subject.

Question 38

morphosyntax

Answer 38

another word for grammar.

Question 39

preposition

Answer 39

a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause.