ch 4 morphology

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

the morphological process whereby an affix is attached to a root or stem.

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

a type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination.

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

a variant form of a morpheme, that is, when a unit of meaning varies in sound without changing the meaning.

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

code switching that concerns the contextualization of communication.

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

a word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning.

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

a language that primarily conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words.

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

a grammatical unit that never occurs by itself, but is always attached to some other morpheme.

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

defined by the syntactic or morphological behavior of the lexical item in question, such as noun or verb.

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

a lexeme that consists of more than one stem.

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

link two or more words, phrases, clauses, or sentences within a larger unit, in such a way that a specific semantic relation is established between them.

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

express a concrete meaning or content.

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

words that have meaning.

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or stem.

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

a word or affix that belongs to a class of noun modifiers that expresses the reference, including quantity, of a noun.

Question 17

form

Answer 17

a meaningful unit of speech.

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

is a morpheme (or word element) that can stand alone as a word.

Question 19

function morpheme

Answer 19

is a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of the word, rather than supplying the root meaning of the word.

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

a word whose purpose is more to signal grammatical relationship than the lexical meaning of a sentence.

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

is a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings.

Question 22

hierarchal structure

Answer 22

involves the problems of “direction” or logical progression within a hierarchy and of the status of the “end points”, phonetics and meaning.

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

a word that is pronounced the same (to varying extent) as another word but differs in meaning.

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function.

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

is a word element (a type of affix) that can be inserted within the base form of a word—rather than at its beginning or end—to create a new word or intensify meaning.

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

the change in the form of a word (in English, usually the addition of endings) to mark such distinctions as tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case.

Question 27

input

Answer 27

which is the written or spoken language that the learner receives.

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

defined in terms of core notions or ‘prototypes’.

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge.

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

smallest grammatical unit in a language

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

a syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a language.

Question 33

output

Answer 33

when the speaker produces in any form, written or spoken.

Question 34

partial redeplucation

Answer 34

a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

languages in which words are composed of many morphemes.

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

a group of letters placed before the root of a word.

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause.

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation.

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase.

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

repeated portion of a word.

Question 41

reduplication

Answer 41

morphological process in which the root or stem of a word or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.

Question 42

root

Answer 42

either a base word, or a part of a word to which affixes are added.

Question 43

simultaneous affix

Answer 43

articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem.

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

a part of a word.

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

the occurrence of an unrelated form to fill a gap in a conjugation.