Vocab 5

Question 1

legal classifications, such as race and national origin, that have invidious discrimination as their purpose and therefore are unconstitutional.

Answer 1

suspect classifications

Question 2

a test applied by courts to laws that attempt a racial or an ethnic classification; eliminates race or ethnicity as legal classification when it is places minority-group members at a disadvantage

Answer 2

strict-scrutiny test

Question 3

refers to programs designed to ensure that women, minorities, and other traditionally disadvantaged groups have full and equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas of life

Answer 3

affirmative action

Question 4

the rights of every person to equal protection under the laws and equal access to society’s opportunities and public facilities

Answer 4

civil rights

Question 5

discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that results from social, economic, and cultural biases, and conditions

Answer 5

de facto discrimination

Question 6

discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that results from a law

Answer 6

de jure discrimination

Question 7

clause of the 14th amendment that forbids any state to deny equal protection of the laws to any individual within its jurisdiction

Answer 7

equal-protection clause

Question 8

the right of every person to equal protection under the laws and equal access to society’s opportunities and public facilities

Answer 8

equal rights

Question 9

a test applied by courts to laws that treat individuals unequally. Such a law may be deemed constitutional if its purpose is held to be “reasonably” related to a legitimate gov’t interest

Answer 9

reasonable-basis test