Vocab 3

Question 1

federal grants-in-aid; permit state and local officials to decide how $$ will be spent within general area such as education or health

Answer 1

block grants

Question 2

federal grants-in-aid to state and localities that can be used only for designated projects

Answer 2

categorical grants

Question 3

authority granted Congress in Article 1, Section 8 of Constitution; “to regulate commerce” among the states

Answer 3

commerce clause

Question 4

gov’t system; sovereignty vested entirely in subnational (state) gov’ts

Answer 4

confederacy

Question 5

situation in which national, state, and local levels work together to solve problems

Answer 5

cooperative federalism

Question 6

passing down of authority from national gov’t to state and local gov’ts

Answer 6

devolution

Question 7

doctrine based on idea that precise separation of national power and state power is both possible and desirable

Answer 7

dual federalism

Question 8

17 powers granted to national gov’t under Article 1, Section 8 of Constitution; powers include taxation & regulation of commerce as well as authority to provide for national defense

Answer 8

enumerated (expressed powers)

Question 9

governmental system in which authority is divided btw 2 sovereign levels of gov’t : national & regional

Answer 9

federalism

Question 10

expidenture of federal funds on programs run in part through states and localities

Answer 10

fiscal federalism

Question 11

federal cash payments to states and localities for programs they administer

Answer 11

grants-in-aid

Question 12

federal gov’ts constitutional authority (through the “necessary and proper” clause) to take action that is not expressly authorized by the Constitution but that supports actions that are so authorized

Answer 12

implied powers

Question 13

process by which national authority has increased over the course of US history as a result primarily of economic change but also of political action

Answer 13

nationalization

Question 14

authority granted Congress in Article 1, Section 8 of Constitution; “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” for the implementation of its enumerated powers

Answer 14

“Necessary & Proper” (elastic clause)

Question 15

powers granted states under 10th Amendment of Constitution

Answer 15

reserved powers

Question 16

supreme (or ultimate) authority to govern within a certain geographical area

Answer 16

sovereignty

Question 17

Article VI of Constitution; makes national law supreme over state law when the national gov’t is acting within its constitutional limits

Answer 17

Supremacy Clause

Question 18

governmental system; national gov’t alone has sovereign (ultimate) authority

Answer 18

unitary system