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Apes > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Species Diversity

A

The variety of species within a given ecosystem

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2
Q

Genetic Diversity

A

The variety of genes within each cell of an organism

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3
Q

Species Richness

A

The number of species in a given area​​

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4
Q

Species Evenness

A

The relative proportion of different species in a given area

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5
Q

Phylogenies

A

The branching patterns of evolutionary relationships

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6
Q

Evolution

A

A change in the genetic composition of population over time

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7
Q

Microevolution

A

Evolution occurring below the species level​​

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8
Q

Macroevolution

A

Evolution that gives rise to new species genera, families, classes, or phyla

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9
Q

Genes: .​​

A

are made up of DNA, act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases

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10
Q

Genotype:

A

an individual’s collection of genes.​​​

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11
Q

Mutation:.

A

is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements

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12
Q

Recombination:

A

the rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms.​​

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13
Q

Phenotype

A

is an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type

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14
Q

Evolution by Artificial Selection

A

a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of humans selecting which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind

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15
Q

Evolution by Natural Selection

A

a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of the environment determining which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce

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16
Q

Fitness

A

an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce​​​

17
Q

Adaptations

A

a trait that improves an individual’s fitness

18
Q

Genetic Drift

A

a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating

19
Q

Bottleneck Effect ​​

A

a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size

20
Q

Founder Effect

A

a change in a population descending from a small number of colonizing individuals

21
Q

Geographic Isolation ​​

A

a subset of individuals from a larger population colonizes a new area of habitat that is physically separated from that of the rest of the population

22
Q

Reproductive Isolation

A

the result of two populations within a species evolving separately so they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring

23
Q

Allopatric Speciation

A

the process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation

24
Q

Sympatric Speciation​​

A

the evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation.

25
Q

Genetically Modified Organisms​

A

an organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into other species

26
Q

Fundamental Niche

A

the suite of ideal environmental conditions for a species

27
Q

Realized Niche​​​

A

the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives

28
Q

Distribution

A

areas of the world in which a species lives

29
Q

Niche Generalists

A

a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions

30
Q

Niche Specialists​​

A

a species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on small groups of species

31
Q

Fossils

A

the remains of an organism that has been preserved in rock​​​

32
Q

Mass Extinction

A

a large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time

33
Q

Ecosystem Diversity

A

The variety of ecosystems within a given region

Apes (4 decks)

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