Chapter 20

Question 1

valuation- .

Answer 1

the practice of assigning monetary value to seemingly intangible benefits and natural capital

Question 2

UNDP -

Answer 2

United Nations Development Programme- a program of the United Nations that works to improve living conditions through economic development.

Question 3

GPI- genuine progress indicator-

Answer 3

A measurement of the economy that considers personal consumption, income distribution, levels of higher education, resource depletion, pollution and the health of the population.

Question 4

environmental worldview- .

Answer 4

A worldview that encompasses how people think the world works, how they view their role in it, and what believed to be proper behavior regarding the environment

Question 5

EPA – Environmental Protection Agency-

Answer 5

US government agency that creates federal policy in overseas enforcement of regulations related to the environment including science, research assessment, and education.

Question 6

technology transfer-

Answer 6

The phenomenon of less developed countries adopting technological innovations that originated in wealthy countries.

Question 7

anthropocentric-

Answer 7

derived from human activities.

Question 8

OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration-

Answer 8

a US federal agency responsible for the enforcement of health and safety regulations in the workplace.

Question 9

leapfrogging-

Answer 9

The situation in which less developed countries use newer technology without first using the precursor technology.

Question 10

stewardship-

Answer 10

The careful and responsible management of earth and its resources

Question 11

• DOE - Department of Energy-

Answer 11

a US government agency created in 1977 with the goal of advancing in the economic security of the United States

Question 12

microlending-

Answer 12

The practice of loaning small amounts of money to help people in less developed countries start small businesses.

Question 13

biocentric- (life-centered)

Answer 13

A worldview that considers human beings to be just one of many species on earth all of which have equal intrinsic value.

Question 14

HDI - Human Development Index-

Answer 14

A measure of economic well-being that combines life expectancy, knowledge, education, and standard of living as shown in GDP per capita and purchasing power.

Question 15

• natural capital-

Answer 15

The natural resources of earths such as air, water, and minerals

Question 16

ecocentric- (earth-centered)

Answer 16

A worldview that places equal value on all living organisms and the ecosystem in which they live.

Question 17

HPI - Human Poverty Index-

Answer 17

the counterpart of HDI and was developed by the United Nations to investigate the proportion of a population suffering from deprivation in a country with a high HDI.

Question 18

Human capital-

Answer 18

human knowledge, potential, and abilities.

Question 19

UN - United Nations-

Answer 19

an institution dedicated to promoting dialogue among countries with the goal of maintaining world peace.

Question 20

command-and-control approach-

Answer 20

A strategy for pollution control that involves regulations and enforcement mechanisms

Question 21

manufactured capital-

Answer 21

all goods and services that humans produce.

Question 22

market failure-

Answer 22

the economic situation that results when the economic system does not appropriately account for all costs.

Question 23

UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme-

Answer 23

A program of the United Nations responsible for gathering environmental information and conducting research and assessing environmental problems.

Question 24

incentive-based approach-

Answer 24

A program that constructs financial and other incentives for lowering emissions, based on profits and benefits.

Question 25

environmental economics-

Answer 25

The subfield of economics that examines costs and benefits of various policies and regulations related to environmental degradation.

Question 26

World Bank-

Answer 26

an international organization that provides technical and financial assistance to help reduce poverty and promote growth, especially in the world’s poorest countries.

Question 27

green tax-

Answer 27

A tax placed on environmentally harmful activities or emissions

Question 28

ecological economics-

Answer 28

The study of economics as a component of ecological systems.

Question 29

WHO- World Health Organization-

Answer 29

A group within the United Nations responsible for human health, including combating the spread of infectious diseases and health issues related to natural disasters.

Question 30

triple bottom line-

Answer 30

an approach to sustainability that advocates consideration of economic, environmental, and social factors in decisions about business, the economy, the environment, and development.

Question 31

well-being-

Answer 31

the status of being healthy, happy, and prosperous.