Chapter 20 Flashcards
valuation- .
the practice of assigning monetary value to seemingly intangible benefits and natural capital
UNDP -
United Nations Development Programme- a program of the United Nations that works to improve living conditions through economic development.
GPI- genuine progress indicator-
A measurement of the economy that considers personal consumption, income distribution, levels of higher education, resource depletion, pollution and the health of the population.
environmental worldview- .
A worldview that encompasses how people think the world works, how they view their role in it, and what believed to be proper behavior regarding the environment
EPA – Environmental Protection Agency-
US government agency that creates federal policy in overseas enforcement of regulations related to the environment including science, research assessment, and education.
technology transfer-
The phenomenon of less developed countries adopting technological innovations that originated in wealthy countries.
anthropocentric-
derived from human activities.
OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration-
a US federal agency responsible for the enforcement of health and safety regulations in the workplace.
leapfrogging-
The situation in which less developed countries use newer technology without first using the precursor technology.
stewardship-
The careful and responsible management of earth and its resources
• DOE - Department of Energy-
a US government agency created in 1977 with the goal of advancing in the economic security of the United States
microlending-
The practice of loaning small amounts of money to help people in less developed countries start small businesses.
biocentric- (life-centered)
A worldview that considers human beings to be just one of many species on earth all of which have equal intrinsic value.
HDI - Human Development Index-
A measure of economic well-being that combines life expectancy, knowledge, education, and standard of living as shown in GDP per capita and purchasing power.
• natural capital-
The natural resources of earths such as air, water, and minerals
ecocentric- (earth-centered)
A worldview that places equal value on all living organisms and the ecosystem in which they live.
HPI - Human Poverty Index-
the counterpart of HDI and was developed by the United Nations to investigate the proportion of a population suffering from deprivation in a country with a high HDI.
Human capital-
human knowledge, potential, and abilities.
UN - United Nations-
an institution dedicated to promoting dialogue among countries with the goal of maintaining world peace.
command-and-control approach-
A strategy for pollution control that involves regulations and enforcement mechanisms
manufactured capital-
all goods and services that humans produce.
market failure-
the economic situation that results when the economic system does not appropriately account for all costs.
UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme-
A program of the United Nations responsible for gathering environmental information and conducting research and assessing environmental problems.
incentive-based approach-
A program that constructs financial and other incentives for lowering emissions, based on profits and benefits.
