Apes Vocab Ch 7

Question 1

undernourished-

Answer 1

having insufficient food or other substances for good health and condition

Question 2

monocropping-

Answer 2

agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land (polyculture)

Question 3

nomadic grazing-

Answer 3

feeding herds of animals by moving them to seasonally productive feeding grounds, often over long distances

Question 4

food scarcity-

Answer 4

the state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage

Question 5

pesticides-

Answer 5

a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals

Question 6

sustainable agriculture -

Answer 6

the act of farming based on an understanding of ecosystem services, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment

Question 7

food insecurity -

Answer 7

the state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food

Question 8

insecticides - .

Answer 8

a substance used for killing insects

Question 9

intercropping -

Answer 9

a multiple cropping practice involving growing two or more crops in proximity

Question 10

famine -

Answer 10

extreme scarcity of food over a long period of time

Question 11

herbicides-

Answer 11

a pesticide that targets plant species that compete with crops

Question 12

crop rotation-

Answer 12

an agricultural technique in which crop species in a field are altered from season to season

Question 13

anemia-

Answer 13

a deficiency of iron

Question 14

broad-spectrum pesticide-

Answer 14

a pesticide that kills many different types of pests

Question 15

agroforestry-

Answer 15

an agricultural technique in which trees and vegetables are intercropped

Question 16

selective pesticides-

Answer 16

a pesticide that targets a narrower range of organisms

Question 17

contour plowing-

Answer 17

an agricultural technique in which plowing and harvesting are done parallel to the topographic contours of the land

Question 18

Industrial agriculture (agribusiness)-

Answer 18

agriculture that applies the techniques of mechanization and standardization

Question 19

energy subsidy-

Answer 19

the energy input per calorie of food produced

Question 20

bioaccumulation-

Answer 20

an increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

Question 21

Integrated pest management (IPM)-

Answer 21

an agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize pesticide inputs

Question 22

Green Revolution-

Answer 22

the switch from small farming to new management techniques and mechanization for large industrial farming

Question 23

nonpersistent-

Answer 23

a pesticide that breaks down rapidly, usually in weeks or months

Question 24

organic agriculture-

Answer 24

production of crops with the goal of improving the soil each year without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers

Question 25

economies of scale-

Answer 25

the observation that average costs of production fall as output increases

Question 26

resistant-

Answer 26

a measure of how much a disturbance can affect flows of energy and matter in an ecosystem

Question 27

Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO’s)-

Answer 27

a large indoor or outdoor structure used to raise animals at very high densities

Question 28

agroforestry -

Answer 28

an agricultural technique in which trees and vegetables are intercropped.

Question 29

persistent -

Answer 29

a pesticide that remains in the environment for a long time

Question 30

no-till agriculture-

Answer 30

An agricultural method in which farmers do not turn the soil between seasons, used as a means of reducing erosion

Question 31

waterlogging-

Answer 31

when soil remains underwater for prolonged periods and impairs root growth.

Question 32

fishery-

Answer 32

a commercially harvestable population of fish within a particular ecological region

Question 33

Fishery Collapse-

Answer 33

over the past 50 years there have been more fishing boats and more time spent fishing, too many fishing occurred

Question 34

salinization-

Answer 34

salt in irrigation water becomes highly concentrated on the soils surface through evaporation.

Question 35

conventional agriculture-

Answer 35

also known as industrial agriculture, methods of farming which include the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides and genetically modified organisms

Question 36

organic fertilizers-

Answer 36

composed of organic matter from plants and animals

Question 37

shifting agriculture-

Answer 37

an agricultural method in which land is cleared and used for a few years until the soil is depleted of nutrients

Question 38

bycatch-

Answer 38

the uncontinental catch of non target species while fishing

Question 39

inorganic fertilizers-

Answer 39

a fertilizer produced commercially, normally with the use of fossil fuels.

Question 40

desertification-

Answer 40

the transformation of arable, productive land to desert or unproductive land due to climate change or destructive land use.

Question 41

Individual transferable quotas (ITQ’s)-

Answer 41

a fishery management program in which individual fishers are given a total allowable catch of fish in a season that they can either sell or catch.

Question 42

aquaculture-

Answer 42

farming aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and seaweeds

Question 43

• malnourished-

Answer 43

a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals