Vocab Flashcards
Load
External force acting on internal tissue
Define: Diaphoresis
Profuse sweating
Stiffness
Ability of a tissue to resist a load
Stress
Internal resistance to an external load
Strain
Extent of deformation of tissue (muscle/tendon) under loading
Elasticity
Property that allows a tissue to retune to normal following deformation
Yelled point (of tissue)
Elastic limit of a tissue
Plastic
Deformation of tissue that exists after the load is removed
Creep
Deformation of tissue that occurs with application of constant load over time
Muscle cramps
Painful involuntary contractions of a muscle usually due to excessive loss of water and electrolyte imbalance
Muscle guarding
Muscle contraction in response to pain
Muscle spasm
A reflex reaction caused by trauma to musculoskeletal system
- clonic: involuntary contraction characterized by alternate contraction and relaxation in rapid succession
- tonic: contraction characterized by a constant contraction that lasts for a period of time
Acute-onset muscle soreness
A transient muscle pain accompanying fatigue that occurs during and immediately following exercise
Delayed-onset muscle soreness
Muscle pain that intensifies 24-48 hours post exercise then gradually subsides
Tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon
Tendinosis
Degradation of a tendon without inflammation
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of an tendon and it’s surrounding tendon sheath
Mayofascial trigger point
A discreet, hypersensitive nodule within a taught band of skeletal muscle/fascia.
Latent: May not cause spontaneous pain but may restrict movement or cause weakness
Active: causes pain at rest. Palpating will elicit “jump sign” and referred pain pattern.
Contusion
Compression of soft tissue that results in bleeding into surrounding tissues
Ecchymosis
Bluish/purple discoloration of the skin
Myositis ossificans
Calcium deposits that result from repeated trauma
Synovial joint
Articulation of two bones surrounded by a joint capsule lined with synovial membrane
Diastasis
Separation if two articulating bones (dislocation/subluxation)
Osteoarthritis
Progressive degradation of the hyaline cartilage of a joint
Bursae
Piece of synovial membrane that contains a small amount of fluid with the goal of refusing the friction in that location of the body
Cancellous bone
The inner more pours aspect of bone
Periosteum
A dense white fibrous membrane covering the outside of a bone which contains the blood supply to the bone
Haversian canals
Branching canals that exist throughout bone which contains both blood and lymphatic vessels.
Sharply’s fibers
Fivers emanating from the periosteum which penetrate the underlying bone
Osteoblasts
Bone forming cells
Osteoclasts
Bone-remodeling cells
Hypoesthesia
Diminished sense of feeling
Hyperesthesia
Increased sense of feeling such as pain or touch
Parethesia
Numbness, prickling or tingling which may occur from a direct blow or stretch to a nerve
Referred pain
Pain that is felt at a point of the body other that it’s origin
Rubor
Redness
Tumor (Latin)
Swelling
Dolor
Tenderness
Calor
Increased temperature
Functio laesa
Loss of function
Margination
Neutrophils and macrophages line up along the cell wall (in the inflammation response)
Diapedesis
Movement of WBC out of small arterial vessels (part of inflammation response)
Exudate
Accumulation of fluid that penetrates through vessel walls into and joining extravascular space
Phagocytes
Neutrophils, macrophages, and leukocytes that ingest microorganisms, other cells and foreign particles.
