Vocab 2 Flashcards
affect
Observable changes in tone, face, body, languge
analgesia
Absence of pain, without LOC
ataxia
failure of muscular coordination, irregularity of contraction
atrophy
wasting away, decreased size (muscle)
bradykinesia
abnormal slowness of movement
Broca’s aphasia
aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
chorea
brief rapid jerky irregular and unpredictable movements. Occur at rest or interrupts normal movements. Seldom repeat themselves. Causes include Sydenham’s chorea (w/RF) and Huntingtons
clonus
involuntary muscle contraction
cogwheel rigidity
Seen in parkinson. Rigidity in which the muscles respond with cogwheel like jerks to the use of force in bending the limbs
delirium
state of mental confusion that develops quickly and usually fluctuates in intensity
delusion
idiosyncratic false belief that is firmly maintained in spite of incontrovertible and obvious proof of evidence in the contrary
dementia
loss of mental ability severe enough to interfere w/normal activities of daily living, lasting more than 6 months
dystonia
dyskinetic movements due to disordered tonicity of muscle
echolalia
repeating words someone said
fasciculation
muscle twitch
flaccid
soft and hanging loosely or limply
flight of ideas
excessive speech at rapid rate that involves fragmented thinking
hallucination
non-real sensory perceptions
hemiparesis
one side of the body has mared weakness
hemiplegia
total or partial paralysis of one side of the body
lethargy
lack or energy and enthusiasm, abnormal drowsiness
neologism
newly coined word or expression
obtundation
less than full mental capacity in a medical patient. Responsiveness requires stimulation
orientation
person, place, time
paralysis
loss of muscle function in part of your body
paraplegia
impairment in motor or sensory fx of the lower extremities
paresthesias
sensation of tingling, tickling, prickling, pricking, or burning
perseveration
when you fixate on something or someone
pleocytosis
increased cell count
postictal
altered state of consciousness a person enters after experiencing a seizure
psychosomatic
physical illness caused by or aggravated by a mental factor such as internal conflict or stress
quadriplegia
paralysis of body from neck down
seizure
abnormal electrical activity in the brain with symptoms being not noticeable or present
Somatoform disorder
mental disorder characterized by symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury. Pain can not be traced to identifiable cause
spasticity
feelings of stiffness and a wide range of involuntary muscle spasms
syncope
faintingn or passing out
Table in appendices of conditions
physical condition aggravated by a mental facotr such as internal conflict or stress
tremor
involuntary, somewhat rhythmic muscle contraction and relaxation
Wernicke’s aphashia
aka receptive aphasia poor auditory processing, fluent speech, and poor repeititoin
xanthochromia
yellowish appearnace of cerebrospinal fluid, important in dx of subarachnoid hemorrhage
myoclonic seizure
Sudden, brief, rapid jerks, involving the trunk or limbs
absence seizure
sudden brief lapse of consciousness with momentary blinking, staring, or movements of lips and hands but no falling. Typical last less than 10 seconds and atypical last longer than 10 seconds
Tonic-clonic seizure
“grand mal” person loses consciousness suddenly and body stiffens into tonic extensor rigidity. Breathing stops and person become cyantoitc. Rhythmic muscle contraction. Breathing resumes and is often noisy. Injury may occur.
Resting (static) tremors
most prominent at rest and may decrease or disappear with voluntary movement.
Postural tremors
Appear when affected part is actively maintaing a posture. Ex- hyperthyroidism, tremors of anxiety and fatigue, and benign essential (and sometimes familial) tremor
Intention tremors
absent at rest and appear with movement and often get worse as the target gets closer. Causes include disorders of cerebellar pathways, as in MS, or disease of cerebellum
illusion
mis-interpretation of real stimuli
loose associations
thought does not logically relate to the next
blocking
to repress a traumatic even from conscious memory
confabulation
to fill in gaps in one’s memory with fabrications that one believes to be facts
clanging
mode of speech characterized by association of words based upon sounds rather than concepts
obsessions
inability of person to stop thinking about a particular topic or feeling
phobias
irrational and excessive fear of an object of situation
depersonalization
normal sense of personal identity and reality is lost
Delusions- persercution
delusion that others are out to get you, frustrate or embarrass you
Delusions- grandeur
delusion that you are much greater and more powerful and influential than you really are
Oral-facial dyskinesias
rhythmic, repetitive, bizarre movements that chiefly involve face. May be late complication of psychotropic drugs (tardive dyskinesias) or may occur in longstanding psychoses
Proverbs
Way to test abstract thinking “ A dog is a mans best friend”
Tics
brief repetve, stereotyped, coordinated movements occuring at regular intervals. Causes include Tourette’s syndrome and drugs
Athetosis movements
slower and more twisting and writhing, large amplitude. Commonly involve the face and distal extremities. Often associated with spasticity. Causes include cerebral palsy
annular
ring-shaped
Beau’s lines
deep grooved lines that run from side to sid eon the fingernail
comedone
pimple/ open = black head closed= white head
cyanosis
blue or purple coloration of skin or mucuous membrane due to low oxygen state
eccrine
major sweat glands on human body
hyperkeratosis
thickening of stratum corneum, vit A def of chronic exposure to arsenic
jaundice
yellowing of the skin
lentigines
freckles, sun spots, liver spots
melanin
primary determinant of skin color
nits
lice
petechiae
broken capillary blood vessel
purpura
purple-colored spots and patches, small blood vessels leak under skin
splinter hemorrhage
tiny blood clots that run vertically under nails. Not specific. Endocarditis, scleroderma, trichinosis, SLE, RA?.
turgor
tension of skin. Related to degree of fluid loss/hydration
vellus
hair is short, fine, light-colored, and barely noticeable
apocrine glands
sweat gland composed of coiled secretory portion located at junction of dermis and subq fat. Found in axillae, areola, ear canal, eyelids, wings of nostrils, some parts of external genitalia
cherry angionma
bright red, small, smooth, develop commonly on truck. Benign
confluent
flowing together or merging
ecchymosis
Bruise. Purpura >1cm
hirsuitism
excessive hairiness in women in parts of body where hair does not naturally occur
intertriginous
where two skin areas rub or touch
keratosis
growth of keratin on skin of mucuous membranes
lunula
crescent shaped whitish area of the bed of a fingernail or toenail
nevus
birthmark
paronychia
infection of skin around a fingernail or toenail
pruritus
itching
serpiginous
having a wavy margin
subcutaneous
beneath the skin
urticaria
hives
abduct
move away from midline/away from body
adduct
move towards midline/into body
arthritis
inflammation disorder of joints leading to pain
anterior drawer sign
detects rupture of cruciate ligaments. Pt supine, hips flexed to 45 degress, knees flexed 90, feet flat on table. Physician pulls tibia forward. If the tibia pulls forward more than normal its considered (+) Excessive displacement anteriorly suggests ACL likely torn
Bouchard’s nodes
hard bony outgrowths/cysts on proximal interphalangeal joints. Sign of OA or RA
bursitis
inflammation of one or more bursae
Bulge sign
Evaulation of effusion in knee joint detectable at 10-15cc fluid. Examiner uses ball of hand on medial knee to milk fluid from suprapatellar pouch and then presses behind patella lateral margin looking for swelling.
cartilage
Flexible connective tissue
cartilaginous joints
connected entirely by cartilage (manubrium and the sternum)
condylar joints
Ovoid articular surface, examples include the wrist joint
Dupuytren’s contracture
fixed flexion contracture of hand where fingers bend toward palm and cannot be fully straightened. “Viking disease”
fibrous joints
“fixed” joints connected by dense connective tissue (skull)
ganglion
mass of nerve cell bodies
hallux valgus
bunion, mc from ill fitting footwear
hammer toe
contracted toe, deformity of proximal interphalangeal joint
Heberden’s nodes
hard bony swelling that can develop on DIP joints and are signs of OA
hinge joints
motion in one plane only. Elbows, knees, etc
Lachman test
Examines ACL. Applicatoin of anterior tibial translation force w/significant translation of the tibia on the femur is (+)
ligament
fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
lordosis
inward curvature of lumbar and cervical spine
McMurray test
Evaluates tears of meniscus of knee. Valgus stress is applied to joint and exg is externally rotated. Pain or a “click” is a (+) test
meniscus
crescent shaped fibrocargilagionus structure that cushions the knee
metatarsalgia
Common overuse injury. Pain and inflammation of metatarsal region. Most frequenty second metatarsal. Aka “stone bruise”
posterior drawer sign
detects rupture of cruciate ligaments. Pt supine, hips flexed to 45 degress, knees flexed 90, feet flat on table. Physician pulls tibia backward If the tibia pulls forward more than normal its considered (+) Excessive displacement anteriorly suggests PCL likely torn
rotator cuff
group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder including supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
scoliosis
spine is curved from side to side
spheroidal joints
ball and socket joints aka hip and shoulder
synovial fluid
clear viscious fluid secreted by synovial membrane that ines joints
synovial joints
aka diarthrosis includes joints like gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid (TMJ), saddle joints, ball and socket, and compound joints (knee)
tendonitis
inflammationof tendon
tenosynovitis
inflammatino of the fluid-filled sheath (synovium) that surronds a tendon
trigger finger
Stenosing tenosynovitis. Tendons become too thick and constricting or nodules develop in lining.
valgus
outard angulation of distal segment of bone/joint
varus
inward angulation of distal segment of bone/joint
valgus stress test
examines MCL
varus stress test
examines LCL
