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Path Final > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

What is the OT process?

A
  1. Evaluation (which starts with referral)
    - You evaluate their patient’s occupations and learn about them through the occupational profile.
    - Based on the setting and your skills, ask yourself if you should accept the patient.
    - You need background knowledge about the diagnosis to use clinical reasoning to develop an intervention plan that will help the patient function.
  2. Intervention plan
    - based on evaluation, diagnosis, and patient desires
  3. Outcomes
    - based on the patient’s current performance, did they achieve the appropriate outcome or should you reevaluate
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2
Q

What are the core values of OT?

A
  • altruism
  • dignity
  • equality
  • freedom
  • justice
  • truth
  • prudence
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3
Q

What is altruism?

A

unselfish concern for the welfare of others (understanding)

ex: listening to the patient’s story even though you’re busy

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4
Q

What is dignity?

A

valuing worth and uniqueness of each person (empathy and respect)

EX: asking patient about their hobbies

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5
Q

What is equality?

A

individuals have the same rights and opportunities (fairness and impartiality)

EX: treating all people with no bias

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6
Q

What is freedom?

A

Allowing clients to have a choice, independence, initiative, and self direction

EX: allowing patient to choose between tasks

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7
Q

What is justice?

A

upholding moral and legal principles (equity, truth, objectivity)

EX: easy wheelchair access

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8
Q

What is truth?

A

faithfulness to facts and reality (accountable, honest, accurate)

EX: being honest with patient about likely outcomes

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9
Q

What is prudence?

A

ability to self govern and discipline

EX: supervising an unstable patient from sitting to standing

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10
Q

What are the 5 domains?

A
  1. Occupations
  2. Performance skills
  3. Client factors
  4. Performance patterns
  5. Contexts and environment
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11
Q

What is clinical reasoning?

A

the combination of knowledge of body systems and diagnoses, the OT profile, and the setting, combines with the core values of OT

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12
Q

Illness vs Disease

A

Disease: medical classification; something an organ has

Illness: personal factors, perception of suffering; something a man has

Cassell uses illness to mean “what a patient feels on the way to the doctor” and disease to mean “what a patient has on the way home.”

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13
Q

Epidemiology

A

study of the cause and distribution of the disease

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14
Q

Etiology

A

the cause of disease, agent, or event
- genetics
- acquired
- multifactorial

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15
Q

Pathophysiology

A

mechanism - what does the disease do? does it destroy or weaken the muscles?

biology

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16
Q

Clinical manifestations

A

physical signs, patient reports

what the patient tells you

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17
Q

Outcome

A

expected course of the disease
- prognosis: is the patient going to die in 6 weeks
- actual outcome
- remission: disease is still present but not progressing

18
Q

Clinical intervention

A

healthcare professional

19
Q

Prevention

A

Identify risk factors and reduce them

20
Q

Treatment

A

optimal outcome, often therapy

21
Q

Precautions

A

discomfort, injury, death

contraindications: risk outweighs the benefit
- hot pack on shoulder of patient with breast cancer might make shoulder feel better, but can cause the cancer to metastasize

22
Q

What are the components of the disease process?

A
  1. epidemiology
  2. etiology
  3. pathophysiology
  4. clinical manifestations
  5. outcome
  6. clinical intervention
  7. prevention
  8. treatment
  9. precautions
23
Q

How do diseases/disorders occur?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Hereditary
  3. Chromosomal
  4. Idiopathic
  5. Iatrogenic
  6. Nosocomial
  7. Multifactorial
  8. Infection and inflammation related
  9. Physical agents
  10. Cancers/ neoplasm
  11. Immunity related
24
Q

Inflammation

A

Natural response to tissue damage necessary for the healing process
- changes pressure to slow internal bleeding
- causes pain to tell the body to stop

May or may not come with infection

Lack of inflammatory response can indicate a disease such as AIDS

Occurs with trauma, allergy, heat, and bacteria

Acute or chronic

For the most part, if you are hurting the patient, you are doing more harm than good.

Classic signs:
- redness, edema, heat, pain

25
Q

Infection

A

An invasion of a pathogenic microorganism that disturbs homeostasis
A foreign substance has invaded and is attacking. Infection is always a problem.

26
Q

Trauma

A

an injury or wound caused by external force or violence

27
Q

Physical and chemical agents

A

extremities of heat and cold

Types:
1. burns
- 1st degree: suburn
- 2nd degree: blister
- 3rd degree: damage to epidermis and dermis
- 4th degree: damage to underlying bone and or muscle

  1. frostbite
  2. radiation
  3. electric shock - runs through arteries, veins, and muscle
  4. bites
28
Q

Neoplasia and cancer

A

Neoplasm - means new growth or formation
- may form a tumor (clump of tissue)
- can be in blood (leukemia)

Benign - small to large, but stays within its margins
Malignant - spreads to other cells or tissues close by
Metastasis - spread to other unrelated parts by way of blood or lymphatic stream

29
Q

Describe immunity related diseases/disorders and the different types.

A

the body’s ability to fight off invasion

Types:
1. Natural and acquired
- natural: genetic - race, sex, genetics
- acquired: when the body develops an immunity
- active (when you got it)
- passive (immunization; maternal immunity occurs until baby is 8 weeks)

  1. Allergy
    - malfunction of the immunity system
    • anaphylaxis: life threatening
  2. Autoimmunity
    - the body attacks itself
    • IDDM (type I diabetes) and lupus
  3. Immunodeficiency
    - impaired immune system
    • AIDS
30
Q

What are performance skills?

A
  • motor (ROM, strength), process and social skills (comfort, anxiety)
  • building blocks of occupation
31
Q

What are client factors?

A

body function, structure, values, beliefs, personality

32
Q

What are performance patterns?

A

habits, routines, roles

33
Q

What are contexts and environments? (domain)

A

physical, personal, social, temporal, and virtual

34
Q

What is hereditary?

A
  • dominant, recessive, sex linked genetic material
  • sickle cell
  • happens before conception
35
Q

What is chromosomal?

A
  • defect in a chromosome (after conception)
  • trisomy of chromosome 21 (downs syndrome)
  • fragile x (worse in boys)
36
Q

What is idiopathic?

A

random

37
Q

What is iatrogenic?

A
  • caused by an intervention
  • pt with cancer does radiation and gets leukemia
38
Q

What is nosocomial?

A
  • get it from hospital
  • in hospital for heart attack, gets COVID
39
Q

What is multifactorial?

A
  • partly genetic, partly environmental
  • arthritis
40
Q

What are physical agents?

A
  • trauma
  • chemical burns
41
Q

What are the various methods of transmission of infections?

A
  1. fungi - through contact
    - histoplasmosis, thrush, ringworm
  2. rickettsial - bites from live, ticks, unsanitary conditions
    - rocky mountain spotted fever, lyme disease
  3. protozoa - single celled microorganism
    - malaria, trichomoniasis
  4. viruses
    - smallest microorganism (hardest to deal with)
    - can be dormant for long period of time
    - chicken pox, hepatitis, flu
  5. bacteria - single celled
    - can be useful
    - TB, whooping cough, syphilis
  6. parasites
    - requires a host
    - internal and external
    - lice, pin worms
42
Q

What are occupations?

A
  • ADLs, BADLs, IADLs
  • sleep, work, play, leisure, social participation

Path Final (12 decks)

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