Vocab Flashcards
What is the OT process?
- Evaluation (which starts with referral)
- You evaluate their patient’s occupations and learn about them through the occupational profile.
- Based on the setting and your skills, ask yourself if you should accept the patient.
- You need background knowledge about the diagnosis to use clinical reasoning to develop an intervention plan that will help the patient function. - Intervention plan
- based on evaluation, diagnosis, and patient desires - Outcomes
- based on the patient’s current performance, did they achieve the appropriate outcome or should you reevaluate
What are the core values of OT?
- altruism
- dignity
- equality
- freedom
- justice
- truth
- prudence
What is altruism?
unselfish concern for the welfare of others (understanding)
ex: listening to the patient’s story even though you’re busy
What is dignity?
valuing worth and uniqueness of each person (empathy and respect)
EX: asking patient about their hobbies
What is equality?
individuals have the same rights and opportunities (fairness and impartiality)
EX: treating all people with no bias
What is freedom?
Allowing clients to have a choice, independence, initiative, and self direction
EX: allowing patient to choose between tasks
What is justice?
upholding moral and legal principles (equity, truth, objectivity)
EX: easy wheelchair access
What is truth?
faithfulness to facts and reality (accountable, honest, accurate)
EX: being honest with patient about likely outcomes
What is prudence?
ability to self govern and discipline
EX: supervising an unstable patient from sitting to standing
What are the 5 domains?
- Occupations
- Performance skills
- Client factors
- Performance patterns
- Contexts and environment
What is clinical reasoning?
the combination of knowledge of body systems and diagnoses, the OT profile, and the setting, combines with the core values of OT
Illness vs Disease
Disease: medical classification; something an organ has
Illness: personal factors, perception of suffering; something a man has
Cassell uses illness to mean “what a patient feels on the way to the doctor” and disease to mean “what a patient has on the way home.”
Epidemiology
study of the cause and distribution of the disease
Etiology
the cause of disease, agent, or event
- genetics
- acquired
- multifactorial
Pathophysiology
mechanism - what does the disease do? does it destroy or weaken the muscles?
biology
Clinical manifestations
physical signs, patient reports
what the patient tells you
Outcome
expected course of the disease
- prognosis: is the patient going to die in 6 weeks
- actual outcome
- remission: disease is still present but not progressing
Clinical intervention
healthcare professional
Prevention
Identify risk factors and reduce them
Treatment
optimal outcome, often therapy
Precautions
discomfort, injury, death
contraindications: risk outweighs the benefit
- hot pack on shoulder of patient with breast cancer might make shoulder feel better, but can cause the cancer to metastasize
What are the components of the disease process?
- epidemiology
- etiology
- pathophysiology
- clinical manifestations
- outcome
- clinical intervention
- prevention
- treatment
- precautions
How do diseases/disorders occur?
- Trauma
- Hereditary
- Chromosomal
- Idiopathic
- Iatrogenic
- Nosocomial
- Multifactorial
- Infection and inflammation related
- Physical agents
- Cancers/ neoplasm
- Immunity related
Inflammation
Natural response to tissue damage necessary for the healing process
- changes pressure to slow internal bleeding
- causes pain to tell the body to stop
May or may not come with infection
Lack of inflammatory response can indicate a disease such as AIDS
Occurs with trauma, allergy, heat, and bacteria
Acute or chronic
For the most part, if you are hurting the patient, you are doing more harm than good.
Classic signs:
- redness, edema, heat, pain
Infection
An invasion of a pathogenic microorganism that disturbs homeostasis
A foreign substance has invaded and is attacking. Infection is always a problem.
Trauma
an injury or wound caused by external force or violence
Physical and chemical agents
extremities of heat and cold
Types:
1. burns
- 1st degree: suburn
- 2nd degree: blister
- 3rd degree: damage to epidermis and dermis
- 4th degree: damage to underlying bone and or muscle
- frostbite
- radiation
- electric shock - runs through arteries, veins, and muscle
- bites
Neoplasia and cancer
Neoplasm - means new growth or formation
- may form a tumor (clump of tissue)
- can be in blood (leukemia)
Benign - small to large, but stays within its margins
Malignant - spreads to other cells or tissues close by
Metastasis - spread to other unrelated parts by way of blood or lymphatic stream
Describe immunity related diseases/disorders and the different types.
the body’s ability to fight off invasion
Types:
1. Natural and acquired
- natural: genetic - race, sex, genetics
- acquired: when the body develops an immunity
- active (when you got it)
- passive (immunization; maternal immunity occurs until baby is 8 weeks)
- Allergy
- malfunction of the immunity system- anaphylaxis: life threatening
- Autoimmunity
- the body attacks itself- IDDM (type I diabetes) and lupus
- Immunodeficiency
- impaired immune system- AIDS
What are performance skills?
- motor (ROM, strength), process and social skills (comfort, anxiety)
- building blocks of occupation
What are client factors?
body function, structure, values, beliefs, personality
What are performance patterns?
habits, routines, roles
What are contexts and environments? (domain)
physical, personal, social, temporal, and virtual
What is hereditary?
- dominant, recessive, sex linked genetic material
- sickle cell
- happens before conception
What is chromosomal?
- defect in a chromosome (after conception)
- trisomy of chromosome 21 (downs syndrome)
- fragile x (worse in boys)
What is idiopathic?
random
What is iatrogenic?
- caused by an intervention
- pt with cancer does radiation and gets leukemia
What is nosocomial?
- get it from hospital
- in hospital for heart attack, gets COVID
What is multifactorial?
- partly genetic, partly environmental
- arthritis
What are physical agents?
- trauma
- chemical burns
What are the various methods of transmission of infections?
- fungi - through contact
- histoplasmosis, thrush, ringworm - rickettsial - bites from live, ticks, unsanitary conditions
- rocky mountain spotted fever, lyme disease - protozoa - single celled microorganism
- malaria, trichomoniasis - viruses
- smallest microorganism (hardest to deal with)
- can be dormant for long period of time
- chicken pox, hepatitis, flu - bacteria - single celled
- can be useful
- TB, whooping cough, syphilis - parasites
- requires a host
- internal and external
- lice, pin worms
What are occupations?
- ADLs, BADLs, IADLs
- sleep, work, play, leisure, social participation
