Cancer and General Deconditioning Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Cancer

Answer 1

Abnormal cell growth
- Can impact any part of the body
- Any age
- All races/ethnicities
Classification is by anatomical location
- Primary location
* Skin
* Lungs
* Breast
* Prostate

Question 2

Types of cancer

Answer 2

Carcinoma
- Epithelial tissue (skin, organs)
- 80-90%
Sarcoma
- Cartilage, muscle, bones, fat,
Myeloma
- Plasma cells of bone marrow
Leukemias
- “liquid or blood” cancers
- Bone marrow, blood cells, lymph system
Lymphoma
- Lymph nodes
- Lymph producing structures
Mixed
Benign -
Malignant - grows
Metastasis - spreads to other parts of the body

Question 3

Signs of cancer

Answer 3

Changes in bowel or bladder function
Sores that don’t heal
White patches inside mouth or on tongue
Bleeding (rectal or coughing)
Thickening of tissue or lump
Indigestion/trouble swallowing
Cough or hoarseness
Weird looking skin spots

Stages
- Tumor
* T1 - limited to mucosa and submucosa
* T2 - extension into but not through muscularis propria
* T3 - invasion of perirectal fat
* T4 - invasion of adjacent structures
- Nodes
* N0 - no involved lymph nodes
* N1 - fewer than 4 regional nodes involved
* N2 - more than 4 regional nodes involved
* N3 - distant nodes involved
- Metastasis
* M0 - no metastasis
* M1 - distant metastasis

Question 4

Cancer interventions

Answer 4

Surgery
Radiation
- Xray/gamma rays/electron beams
- Directed to the cancer cell
- Disrupts the cell
Chemotherapy
- Oral/IV/implant
- Primary treatment
- Adjunct treatment
Immunotherapy/Hormone and Targeted
Bone Marrow Transplant
- Hematological cancers
Stem Cell

Question 5

Role of OT in cancer care

Answer 5

Pain and Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF)
- Adaptive equipment
- Energy conservation
- Rehab as appropriate
* Activity modification
Cancer Related Cognitive Impairments
Rehab
Adaptations
Lymphedema
Psychosocial
Nutrition

Question 6

Deconditioning disorders

Answer 6

Gravitational Deconditioning
- Bedrest
Hospital Associated Deconditioning
- Post hospital syndrome
- Iatrogenic disability
- Medical deconditioning
- Roll of the bed
- Nursing home, hospital
Post intensive Care Syndrome (PICS)
Deconditioning not related to hospitalization
- General deconditioning
- Society/lifestyle/covid/depression

Question 7

Role of OT with deconditioning disorders

Answer 7

ADL evaluation and training
- Including adaptive equipment
IADLs
- Based on OT profile
Cognitive rehab
Safety
Strengthening and AROM to improve function
Patient and family education/supports
- Community programs