Vocab

Question 1

biosphere

Answer 1

the part of the earth that contains life

Question 2

ecosystem

Answer 2

a place where multiple communities live and interact

Question 3

community

Answer 3

all different organisms in that area

Question 4

population

Answer 4

all of the same organisms in that area

Question 5

organism

Answer 5

a single-celled life form, an individual plant, or an individual animal

Question 6

organ system

Answer 6

a biological system that has a group of organs collaberating to preform (a) function(s)

Question 7

organ

Answer 7

part of an organism, self-contained, specific vital function

Question 8

tissue

Answer 8

a group of similar structured cells that function as a unit

Question 9

cell

Answer 9

the basic building blocks of all living things

Question 10

organelle

Answer 10

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell

Question 11

compound molecule

Answer 11

made up of one or more different elements

Question 12

macromolecule

Answer 12

a molecule that has a large amount of atoms in it

Question 13

molecule

Answer 13

a group of bonded together atoms

Question 14

atom

Answer 14

basic unit of a chemical element

Question 15

subatomic particle

Answer 15

particle that is smaller than an atom in size

Question 16

evolution

Answer 16

change in living systems

Question 17

homeostasis

Answer 17

maintaining dynamic equilibrium in living systems

Question 18

energy, matter, and organization

Answer 18

relationships in living systems

Question 19

continuity

Answer 19

reproduction and inheritance in living systems

Question 20

developement

Answer 20

growth and interdependence in living systems

Question 21

ecology

Answer 21

interaction and independence in living systems

Question 22

selective pressure

Answer 22

any phenomena which alters the fitness of a population within a given environment. It is the driving force of natural selection and evolution. It can be divided into two types of pressure: biotic or abiotic

Question 23

biological species

Answer 23

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

Question 24

speciation

Answer 24

occurs when a group within a species seperates from other members of its species and developes its own unique characteristics

Question 25

mutation

Answer 25

random change to an organisms DNA sequence

Question 26

natural selection

Answer 26

the result of changes in the inherited traits of a population that increases a species' fitness in its environement

Question 27

prokaryotes

Answer 27

unicellular organisms

Question 28

binary fission

Answer 28

a single bacteria copies its DNA and divides it into 2 identical cells

Question 29

biological fitness

Answer 29

how reproductively successful an individual is relative to others in the population

Question 30

conjugation

Answer 30

when bacteria pass on their genetic info to the next cell

Question 31

cladogram

Answer 31

branching diagram showing cladistic relationship between a number of species

Question 32

cladistic relationship

Answer 32

members of a group share a common evolutionary history, and are "closely related," more so to members of the same group than to other organisms.

Question 33

common ancestor

Answer 33

an ancestor shared by 2 or more lineages

Question 34

evolutionary tree

Answer 34

a diagram that summarizes the relationships of organisms

Question 35

branch

Answer 35

each line/lineage on the evolutionary tree is a branch

Question 36

echinoderms

Answer 36

a larger group of species that an organism may represent

Question 37

reproductively isolated

Answer 37

changes over time lead to 2 groups of species not being able to interbreed (and produce fertile offspring anymore)

Question 38

gene pool

Answer 38

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population

Question 39

species

Answer 39

each distinct lineage, groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 40

speciation

Answer 40

lineage of species split and form new ones (lineages), which forms a new species

Question 41

extinction

Answer 41

lineages without descendants (they all die out)

Question 42

taxonomy

Answer 42

the branch of biology that names and groups organisms

Question 43

binomial nomenclature

Answer 43

2 word naming system biologists use

Question 44

hybrid species

Answer 44

a species with organisms that cannot reproduce (sterile)

Question 45

sterile

Answer 45

organisms that can't produce another organism

Question 46

lineage

Answer 46

a long line of species and populations from which modern species emerged

Question 47

Homologous structures

Answer 47

structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor.

Question 48

Analogous structures

Answer 48

structures that are similar in unrelated organisms. THEY DO NOT SHOW RELATEDNESS.

Question 49

differnce between homologous and analogous structures

Answer 49

Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features).