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Biology Term Test 1 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biosphere

A

the part of the earth that contains life

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2
Q

ecosystem

A

a place where multiple communities live and interact

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3
Q

community

A

all different organisms in that area

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4
Q

population

A

all of the same organisms in that area

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5
Q

organism

A

a single-celled life form, an individual plant, or an individual animal

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6
Q

organ system

A

a biological system that has a group of organs collaberating to preform (a) function(s)

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7
Q

organ

A

part of an organism, self-contained, specific vital function

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8
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar structured cells that function as a unit

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9
Q

cell

A

the basic building blocks of all living things

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10
Q

organelle

A

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell

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11
Q

compound molecule

A

made up of one or more different elements

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12
Q

macromolecule

A

a molecule that has a large amount of atoms in it

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13
Q

molecule

A

a group of bonded together atoms

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14
Q

atom

A

basic unit of a chemical element

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15
Q

subatomic particle

A

particle that is smaller than an atom in size

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16
Q

evolution

A

change in living systems

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17
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining dynamic equilibrium in living systems

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18
Q

energy, matter, and organization

A

relationships in living systems

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19
Q

continuity

A

reproduction and inheritance in living systems

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20
Q

developement

A

growth and interdependence in living systems

21
Q

ecology

A

interaction and independence in living systems

22
Q

selective pressure

A

any phenomena which alters the fitness of a population within a given environment. It is the driving force of natural selection and evolution. It can be divided into two types of pressure: biotic or abiotic

23
Q

biological species

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

24
Q

speciation

A

occurs when a group within a species seperates from other members of its species and developes its own unique characteristics

25
Q

mutation

A

random change to an organisms DNA sequence

26
Q

natural selection

A

the result of changes in the inherited traits of a population that increases a species’ fitness in its environement

27
Q

prokaryotes

A

unicellular organisms

28
Q

binary fission

A

a single bacteria copies its DNA and divides it into 2 identical cells

29
Q

biological fitness

A

how reproductively successful an individual is relative to others in the population

30
Q

conjugation

A

when bacteria pass on their genetic info to the next cell

31
Q

cladogram

A

branching diagram showing cladistic relationship between a number of species

32
Q

cladistic relationship

A

members of a group share a common evolutionary history, and are “closely related,” more so to members of the same group than to other organisms.

33
Q

common ancestor

A

an ancestor shared by 2 or more lineages

34
Q

evolutionary tree

A

a diagram that summarizes the relationships of organisms

35
Q

branch

A

each line/lineage on the evolutionary tree is a branch

36
Q

echinoderms

A

a larger group of species that an organism may represent

37
Q

reproductively isolated

A

changes over time lead to 2 groups of species not being able to interbreed (and produce fertile offspring anymore)

38
Q

gene pool

A

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population

39
Q

species

A

each distinct lineage, groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

40
Q

speciation

A

lineage of species split and form new ones (lineages), which forms a new species

41
Q

extinction

A

lineages without descendants (they all die out)

42
Q

taxonomy

A

the branch of biology that names and groups organisms

43
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

2 word naming system biologists use

44
Q

hybrid species

A

a species with organisms that cannot reproduce (sterile)

45
Q

sterile

A

organisms that can’t produce another organism

46
Q

lineage

A

a long line of species and populations from which modern species emerged

47
Q

Homologous structures

A

structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor.

48
Q

Analogous structures

A

structures that are similar in unrelated organisms. THEY DO NOT SHOW RELATEDNESS.

49
Q

differnce between homologous and analogous structures

A

Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features).

Biology Term Test 1 (9 decks)

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