VO2 Flashcards
What are direct protocols used for VO2max testing?
Direct protocols involve measuring oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) during maximal exercise, typically using methods such as the incremental treadmill or cycle ergometer tests.
What are the valid test criteria for VO2, VCO2, RER, and BASES during VO2max testing?
Valid test criteria include achieving a plateau in VO2 (no further increase despite increased workload), achieving a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) above 1.1, and meeting specific ventilatory thresholds such as the ventilatory threshold (VT) or respiratory compensation point (RCP).
What are submaximal tests used for VO2max estimation?
Submaximal tests include protocols such as the Astrand-Rhyming (A-R) test, American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) submaximal treadmill test, Chester Step Test, and Rockport One Mile Walk Test, which estimate VO2max based on submaximal exercise responses.
What are the units of measure and normative data for absolute and relative VO2max?
Absolute VO2max is typically expressed in liters of oxygen per minute (L/min), while relative VO2max is expressed in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). Normative data provide reference values for VO2max based on age, sex, and fitness level.
Why is VO2max important in clinical populations?
VO2 max is a key indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic capacity, which are important predictors of overall health, functional capacity, disease risk, and mortality in clinical populations such as cardiac patients, individuals with respiratory conditions, and those undergoing rehabilitation.
What are some conditions affecting VO2max?
Factors such as age, sex, genetics, training status, altitude, temperature, hydration status, and certain medical conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, metabolic disorders) can affect VO2max levels
What are some additional direct protocols used for VO2max testing?
Additional direct protocols include the Bruce protocol, Balke treadmill test, and Cooper 12-minute run, which involve progressively increasing exercise intensity until maximal effort is achieved.
What physiological responses occur during VO2max testing?
Physiological responses include increases in heart rate, ventilation, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and lactate accumulation as exercise intensity progresses toward maximal effort.
What factors contribute to the validity and reliability of VO2max testing?
Validity and reliability depend on factors such as equipment calibration, standardization of testing procedures, participant motivation and effort, tester experience, and consistency in data collection and analysis.
How are VO2max results interpreted and applied in clinical and research settings?
VO2max results are interpreted by comparing individual values to age- and sex-specific norms, percentile ranks, or metabolic equivalents (METs), and applied to risk stratification, exercise prescription, disease monitoring, treatment evaluation, and prognosis prediction.
What are some clinical applications of VO2max testing?
clinical applications include assessing cardiovascular and pulmonary function, predicting cardiovascular disease risk, guiding exercise prescription for cardiac rehabilitation, monitoring disease progression in conditions such as heart failure or pulmonary disease, and evaluating treatment outcomes.
