Clinical conditions

Question 1

What are examples of non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)?

Answer 1

Age, gender, family history.

Question 2

Question: Name two medically modifiable risk factors for CVDs.

Answer 2

Hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

Question 3

Explain the pathophysiology of CVDs.

Answer 3

CVDs often involve atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to narrowing and reduced blood flow.

Question 4

What are common comorbidities associated with CVDs?

Answer 4

Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, stroke.

Question 5

Provide an example of a marker of health and its normative value related to CVDs.
.

Answer 5

Blood pressure: normal range is typically 120/80 mmHg.

Question 6

Question: Name a contraindication to exercise for individuals with CVDs.

Answer 6

Unstable angina

Question 7

What are non-modifiable risk factors for cancer?

Answer 7

Age, gender, family history, genetics.

Question 8

Name a modifiable risk factor for cancer related to lifestyle.

Answer 8

Smoking.

Question 9

How can individuals reduce their risk of cancer through lifestyle choices?

Answer 9

Avoid smoking, limit alcohol consumption, maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, protect skin from sun exposure, engage in regular physical activity.

Question 10

Define obesity according to BMI.

Answer 10

Obesity is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

Question 11

What are some health risks associated with obesity?

Answer 11

Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, sleep apnea.

Question 12

Name two types of diabetes.

Answer 12

Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes.

Question 13

What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 13

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that requires insulin treatment, while Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and is often related to lifestyle factors.

Question 14

What are some exercise considerations for individuals with cancer?

Answer 14

Tailor exercise programs to individual needs and abilities, consider side effects of treatment, focus on gradual progression and monitoring.

Question 15

How can exercise benefit individuals with obesity?

Answer 15

Exercise helps to increase energy expenditure, preserve lean muscle mass, improve metabolic health, and contribute to weight loss when combined with a healthy diet.