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Vn 17 Anatomy & Physiology > VN 17 Endoccrine & Blood System Test 7- DONE > Flashcards

VN 17 Endoccrine & Blood System Test 7- DONE Flashcards

1
Q
  1. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
    HORMONES:
    A. INSULIN(pg.290,291)
A

regulate blood glucose levels.

The maintenance of blood glucose levels within a normal range is essential to body maintenance and function. A decline in blood glucose can cause nervous system malfunctions because glucose is the main source of energy for nerve cells.

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2
Q
  1. B. Purpose & Example of GROWTH HORMONE (pg.283)
A

Stimulates cell metabolism in most tissues of the body causing cells to divide & increase in size.
It stimulates the growth of bones and muscles.

Too little in childhood produces dwarfism, too much in childhood causes gigantism. Too much after childhood causes enlarged hands, feet, facial features condition called acromegaly.

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3
Q
  1. C. Purpose & example of TESTOSTERONE(pg.457)
A

It controls the development, growth, and maintenance of the male sex organs.

  • stimulates maturation of sperm cells.
  • muscular physique, Adam’s apple, deepening in voice, body hair.
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4
Q

1 D. Purpose & example of CORTISOL(Pg.290)

A
  • stimulates the liver to synthesize glucose from circulating amino acids.
  • helps the body during stressful situations and helps maintain the proper glucose concentration in the blood between meals.
  • helps reduce the inflammatory response.
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5
Q
  1. E. Purpose & example of TSH (pg.284)
A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

-stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its hormone (t3,t4 & calcitonin)

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6
Q
  1. F. Purpose & example of LUTEINIZING HORMONE(pg.285)
A

stimulates ovulation in the female ovary and production of the female sex hormone progesterone. It helps maintain pregnancy. In males, it stimulates the synthesis of testosterone in the testes to maintain sperm cell production.

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7
Q
  1. G. Purpose & example of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE(pg.285)
A

Also known as vasopressin. maintains the body’s water balance by promoting increased water reabsorption in the tubules of the nephrons of kidneys, resulting in less water in the urine.
If secreted in large amounts, ADH can cause constriction of blood vessels.

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8
Q
  1. H. Purpose & example of GLUCAGON(pg.290)
A

-regulates blood glucose levels

Glucagon stimulates the liver to convert the stored glycogen into glucose, thus raising blood glucose levels. Glucagon also causes the breakdown of amino acids and their conversion into glucose to raise blood sugar levels

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9
Q
  1. I. Purpose& example of MELATONIN(pg.294&295)
A

Affects our sleep-wake patterns & maintains our biological cycles.

Melatonin also plays a role in the onset of puberty and in the female reproductive cycle.

In bright light, with little melatonin, people “feel good” and their fertility increases. High levels of melatonin produced in the dark cause individuals to feel depressed and tired, bringing on sleep.

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10
Q

1 J. Purpose & example of EPINEPHRINE(pg.289)

A

Prepare the body for stressful situations that require vigorous physical activity.

Hormone is secreted when a person senses danger and experiences stress.

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11
Q
  1. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING GLANDS AND WHAT DO THEY EXCRETE?

A. PINEAL(pg.294)

A

small pinecone-shaped structure found between the two cerebral hemispheres attached to the upper part of the thalamus near the top of the third ventricle.
Excretes melatonin

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12
Q
  1. B. Define PITUITARY gland & what does it excrete (pg.283&284)
A

A small gland about the size of a pea, some of its hormones affect the functions of many other endocrine glands such as the testes, ovaries, the adrenal cortex, and the thyroid gland

  • growth hormone(GH)
  • thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Melanocyte-Stimulating hormone (MSH)
  • Follice-stimulating hormone(FSH)
  • Luteinzing hormone(LH)
  • Lactogenic or prolactin hormone(LTCH)
  • anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
  • oxytocin (OT)
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13
Q
  1. C. Define ADRENAL gland & what does it excrete? (pg.289&290)
A 
small glands found on top of each kidney
Secretes:
-epinephrine 
-norepinephrine(fight or flight hormones)
-cortisol,
-aldosterone
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14
Q
  1. D. Define OVARIAN gland & what does it excrete? (Pg.291)
A

One of a pair of female glands in which eggs form. Excrete estrogen & progesterone

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15
Q
  1. E. Define PARATHYROID gland & what does it excrete? (pg.288)
A

four glands about the size of raisins that are embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
Excretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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16
Q
  1. F. Define THYROID gland & what does it excrete? (pg.286)
A

consists of two lobes connected by a smaller band called the isthmus
Excretes:thyroxine & triiodothryonine

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17
Q

2 G. Define PANCREAS gland & what does it excrete? (pg.290)

A

Large digestive gland of the alimentary canal.
The pancreas is a flattened, elongated gland divided into head, body, and tail portions.
Excretes:insulin & glucagon

18
Q
  1. WHAT DOES THE OVERPRODUCTION OF THE THYROID HORMONE RESULT IN? (Pg.287)
A

Graves’ disease

19
Q
  1. SOFTENING AND DEFORMATION OF WHAT IS A RESULT OF

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM? (Pg.288)

A

Of bone matrix.

20
Q
  1. WHAT KIND OF HORMONE DOES THE OUTER LAYER OF THE ADRENAL

CORTEX SECRETE?(pg.290)

A

Mineralcorticoid hormone

-aldosterone

21
Q
  1. THE PANCREAS SECRETES ALPHA AND BETA CELLS, DESCRIBE THEM BOTH (pg.290)
A

Alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon

Beta cells secrete the hormone insulin

22
Q
  1. WHAT IS POLYDIPSIA?(pg.292)
A

Excessive thirst

23
Q
  1. DIABETES INSIPIDUS IS CAUSED BY WHAT?(pg.286&290)
A

A deficiency of ADH(anti diuretic hormone) or ADH receptors that aren’t functioning properly

24
Q
  1. WHAT DOES THE LIVER RELEASE THAT STIMULATES THE CONVERSION OF
    STORED GLYCOGEN INTO GLUCOSE?(pg.290)
A

Glucagon

25
Q
  1. WHAT PERCENTAGE OF VOLUME OF BLOOD CELLS DO RBC’S MAKEUP?(pg.306)
A

95%

26
Q
  1. WHAT IS THE MOST NUMEROUS WBC TYPE?(pg.310)
A

Neutrophils

27
Q
  1. WHERE DOES HEMATOPOIESIS OCCUR?(pg.308)
A

In red bone marrow

28
Q
  1. WHAT DO MEGAKARYOBLASTS MATURE INTO?(pg.310)
A

Blood platelets

29
Q
  1. DEFINE PHAGOCYTOSIS (pg.310 & 506)
A

the process in which phagocytes eat cellular debris and other substances “eating cells”

30
Q
  1. DEFINE THE DUTIES OF HEPARIN, HISTAMINE, AND SEROTONIN. WHERE ARE
    THEY PRODUCED? (Pg.310)
A

Heparin an anticoagulant
Histamine an inflammatory substance
Serotonin a vasoconstrictor

Produced in basophils

31
Q
  1. WHERE ARE ANTIBODIES PRODUCED?(pg.360)
A

B cells

32
Q
  1. THE CONVERSION OF FIBRINOGEN INTO FIBRIN IS CATALYZED BY WHAT?(pg.312)
A

Thrombin

33
Q
  1. WHAT IS PLASMA WITHOUT CLOTTING FACTORS? (Pg.312)
A

Serum

34
Q
  1. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:

A. PLAQUE (pg.313)

A

a cholesterol-containing mass

35
Q

19 B. CLOT (pg.494)

A

formed by fibrin at the site of a cut in a blood vessel

36
Q

19 C. EMBOLISM(pg.314)

A

When an embolus becomes lodged in a vessel and cuts off circulation

37
Q

19 D. EMBOLUS(pg.313)

A

a piece of blood clot that dislodges and gets transported by the bloodstream

38
Q
  1. AGGLUTINATION OF RBC’S IS A RESULT OF WHAT? (Pg.314)
A

Transfusion reaction caused by mismatched blood.

39
Q
  1. GIVE EXAMPLES OF GRANULAR LEUKOCYTES (pg.306)
A

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

40
Q
  1. GIVE EXAMPLES OF AGRANULAR LEUKOCYTES (pg.307)
A

Monocytes, Lymphocytes

41
Q
  1. WHAT IS A GROUP OF WBC’S CALLED?(pg.305)
A

Leukocytes

42
Q
  1. WHAT DOES AN EXCESSIVE AMOUT OF RBC’S CAUSE?(pg.316)
A

Erythrocytosis or polycythemia

Vn 17 Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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