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Vn 16 Pharmacology > VN 16 Study Guide Test 6-DONE > Flashcards

VN 16 Study Guide Test 6-DONE Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Diphenhydramine uses, adverse reactions, nursing considerations (pp & ATI pg.136)
A

Antihistamines (Benadryl)

Uses:
*mild allergic reactions (seasonal allergies, urticaria, mild transfusion reactions)
*perennial allergies (year round: dust)
*anaphalaxis (hypotension, acute laryngeal edema, bronchospasm)
*motion sickness
*insomnia
*relief of n/v
*sedation
*adjuncts to analgesics
ADVERSE REACTIONS:
*sedation (watch interaction w/other meds)
*dry mouth/constipation
*large doses can cause arrhythmias, seizures (children)
*n/v
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
*don’t give w/narcotics can cause respiratory system depression
*Fast acting
*don’t mix w/alcohol
*Give w/sips of water, candies, give w/meals
*Avoid activities that require alertness (driving, operating heavy machinery)

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2
Q
  1. Codeine nursing considerations (PP & ATI Pg.133)
A

Antitussives (cough reducing)

*causes CNS effects
*constipation (increase fiber/fluids)
*abuse
*careful w/position changes
*monitor vitals (stop if respirations less than 12)
*short term use only
*avoid activities that require alertness
*give w/food( causes n/v)
*contraindicated in pts w/respiratory depression, asthma, head trauma, liver/renal dysfunction, acute alcohol use disorder
NON OPIOIDS:
Euphoria in high doses

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3
Q
  1. Montelukast nursing considerations (pp slide 8 & ATI pg.129)
A

Singulair-brand name Leukotriene modifiers (prevention of asthma)
*monitor for behavior changes (can cause depression/suicidal ideation)
*establish baseline LFTS and observe for GI symptoms(can cause liver damage)
*long onset takes 1-2 weeks
*give in the evening/bedtime
*used in children as young as 12 months of age

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4
Q
  1. Steroid inhaler nursing considerations (PP slide 6)
A

Beclomethasone, fluticasone, methylprednisolone(treats chronic asthma 3rd line med)

*monitor blood sugar levels (can cause hyperglycemia)
*check for infection (sores in the mouth)
*use a spacer
*rinse mouth after DO NOT swallow
*wash daily
* monitor for black tarry stools
*look for symptoms of hypokalemia (low & slow vitals, muscle weakness)
*can suppress the immune system

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5
Q
  1. Rescue inhaler instructions (FORD pg.392 box31.2)
A
  1. When using a new inhaler, or one that has not been used in several days, point the inhaler away from you and prime the inhaler 1–2 times.
  2. Hold the device upright and shake it.
  3. Tilt the head back slightly.
  4. Exhale and open mouth.
  5. Position the inhaler in one of three ways:
    -Held 1–2 inches from the mouth (this is preferred)
    -Using a spacer
    -With the inhaler between the lips
  6. Start to inhale slowly and press down on the inhaler to release the medication.
    7.Breathe in for 3–5 seconds.
  7. Hold your breath for 10 seconds to allow the drug to reach deep into the lungs.
  8. Repeat for the ordered number of puffs, allowing 1 minute between each puff.
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6
Q
  1. Theophylline adverse effects (PP slide 7& ATI pg.126)
A

Xantines : long term control of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema

*toxicity: anorexia, n/v, restlessness (blood levels should be 5-15)
*Cimetidine & ciprofloxacin can increase risk of toxicity)
*tachycardia
*tonic clonic seizures

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7
Q
  1. Pseudoephedrine nursing considerations and cautions (pp slide 14 & ATI pg.135)
A

(Decongestant: rhinitis, sinusitis, common cold)
CONSIDERATIONS:
*taper & discontinue 1 nostril at a time
*don’t take w/high BP
*don’t use decongestant nasal sprays for more than 3 days (rebound congestion)
*agitation/nervousness
*can cause headache
*Short term use
CAUTIONS:
*contraindicated in closed angle glaucoma
*caution: coronary artery disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease & dysrhythmias

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8
Q
  1. Nursing considerations and adverse effects for metoclopramide (pp slide 14 & ATI pg.208)
A

Antiemetic: n/v
CONSIDERATIONS:
*monitor ECG (can cause dysrrthmias)
*avoid giving to children or older adults
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
*extrapyramidal symptoms: spasms of the face & neck, restlessness, anxiety
*hypotension
*sedation: avoid tasks that require mental alertness
*dry mouth(rinse mouth frequently & suck on sugarfree candy), urinary retention, constipation

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9
Q
  1. Therapeutic response for docusate sodium (pp slide 6 & ATI pg.211)
A

(laxative)
*Treatment of constipation
*softening of fecal impaction
*given after surgery or w/conditions you don’t want pt to be straining

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10
Q
  1. Bisacodyl uses, adverse effects(pp.slide 7 & ATI pg.210)
A

(Stimulant laxative)
USES:
*bowel preparation prior to surgery or diagnostic tests(colonoscopy)
*short term treatment of constipation caused by high dose opioid use or slow intestinal transit
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
*diarrhea: dehydration, loss of water, electrolyte imbalance
*Perianal irritation, rectal burning

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11
Q
  1. Adverse effects of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium(pp slide 10 & ATI pg.204)
A

(Antacids: peptic ulcer disease, GERD)

*Aluminum causes constipation
*Magnesium causes diarrhea
*fluid retention
*electrolyte imbalances
*many drug-drug interactions(1hr before or after other meds)
*avoid in pts w/heart problems(avoid antacids that have sodium)

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12
Q
  1. Sucralfate nursing considerations (pp slide 13 & ATI pg.203)
A

(mucosal protectant: treatment of duodenal ulcers)

*take 1hr before meals for maximum effectiveness/on empty stomach w/full glass of H2o
*not a PRN med, stick to a scheduled dosage
*take 30 mins before antacid (antacids can interfere w/the effects
*can cause constipation (increase fluids, fiber & fruits)
*caution in pts w/chronic kidney disease, diabetes

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13
Q
  1. Helicobacter pylori expected pharmacological treatment (pp slide 12 & ATI pg.201)
A

H2 receptor antagonists & antibiotics
(cimetidine,famotidine,nizatidine)

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14
Q
  1. Omeprazole uses and adverse effects(pp slide 12 & ATI pg.202)
A

Proton Pump Inhibitors
“-prazole”
USE:
* short term therapy of GERD, gastric/duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis. (limited 4-8 weeks treatment)
*reduces gastric acid
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
*Digoxin levels increase (monitor digoxin levels 0.8-2)
*Hypomagnesemia
*Pneumonia w/long term treatment (assess lungs)
*Osteoporosis(increase vitamin D & calcium)
*C-diff(monitor for symptoms)

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15
Q
  1. Cimetidine uses and nursing considerations (pp slide 11 & ATI pg.201)
A

(Histamine 2 receptor antagonists: famotidine,nizatidine)
“-tidine”
USES:
Ulcers, Gerd, heartburn, h-pylori w/abx

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
*Wait 1hr before or after taking an antacid before taking medication
*take 30 mins before meals
*causes lethargy, restlessness in older adults
*causes decreased libido/impotence
*causes gynecomastia
*above symptoms will stop when medication is stopped
*cimetidine when treating ulcers can be used for 6-8 weeks.
*caution in clients who are at high risk for pneumonia, have COPD.

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Vn 16 Pharmacology (10 decks)

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