Vn 16 Pharm Test 1-DONE Flashcards
What are signs & symptoms of allergic reactions? What is the critical reaction called & how do you treat it?
itching, skin rashes hives, dysphasia(difficulty speaking) , loss of consciousness, hypotension, Angiodema(swelling)
The critical reaction is anaphylactic shock, difficulty breathing.
Treat anaphylactic shock by opening an airway. (ABC’s)
considerations for pregnant clients to understand regarding medications/substances?
Avoid drugs unless the potential benefits of taking the drug outweigh the risks to the fetus.
Pregnant women should not take any drug legal, illegal, prescription or nonprescription unless the drug is recommended by the PCP.
Medications can cause a risk for birth defects
What are signs & symptoms of allergic reactions? What is the critical reaction called and how do you treat it?
Signs and symptoms: itching, skin rashes hives, wheezing, loss of consciousness, hypotension, Angioedema, dysphasia.
The critical reaction is anaphylactic shock, difficulty breathing. Treat anaphylactic shock by opening an airway.
After administering medication, what should the nurse do next?
Document, and evaluate patient, observe for adverse reactions, continue to reassess patient
How does the nurse prevent toxicity of meds?
Carefully monitor the clients blood level of drug to ensure that the level remains within therapeutic range, any deviation should be reported to the physician.
List s/s of anaphylactic shock:
- Skin reactions, including hives and itching and flushed or pale skin.
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Constriction of the airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and trouble breathing.
- A weak and rapid pulse.
- Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
- Dizziness or fainting.
What are enteric coated medications? What does the nurse need to know about them? Where does it break down?
Enteric coated medication is one that prevents its dissolution or disintegration in the gastric environment. Helps protect the drugs from the acidity of the stomach, breaks up in the small intestine.
Know needle sizes gauge and length for IM, SQ, and ID
ID needle gauge size: 18-26gauge (length depends on substance to be injected & size of vein) inserted at 5-15 degrees
SQ needle gauge size: 25gauge ½ in long inserted at 45-90 angle
IM needle gauge size: 20- 23gauge ,1 to 3 in long inserted into relaxed muscle at 90 degree angle
Know sites for IM, SQ, and ID
IM Sites: upper arm, thigh, hip, buttocks
SQ Sites: Outer side of upper thighs, belly, back of upper arms
ID Sites: Inner surface of the forearm, upper back below scapula,
List steps immediately after administering medications
Document, and evaluate patient.
List steps to avoid med errors
- Use the 6 rights(right patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation)
- Verify questionable orders
- Do not give medications that someone else has prepared
- Never leave medications bedside unless orders indicate to do so
- concentrate on one thing at a time
- never administer medication until clients questions have been researched, lastly listen to client when they question a drug, the dosage or the drug regimen.
Instructions for administration by transdermal route
Find and remove the previously placed patch. Clean area, rotate patch location, apply on hairless skin.
List the rights of medication administration
Right client
- Right drug
- Right Dose
- Right Route
- Right Time
- Right documentation
How do you identify a client prior to administration of medication?
Verify patients First and Last name as well as Date of Birth
What information should the VN know before administering a medication?
Drug action
Normal range of dosage
Most common adverse reactions
Precautions
What factors can influence drug response?
Age, weight, disease, gender, route of administration.
Define drug tolerance
A decreased response to drug & increase in dosage is needed
How does the VN document the form unit?
Unit is abbreviated as “U”
Define parenteral and enteral and give examples of each
Parenteral is medicine or liquid that is injected under the skin.
Ex: Intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous
Enteral: Enteral administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines
Ex: Oral, Sublingual, buccal, rectal
What are the steps of pharmacokinetics? What is the correct order?
- Absorption,2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Excretion.
What are some adverse reactions to prednisone use?
Cushingoid(Moon Face, oily skin/acne, weight gain, buffalo hump, )mood swings, slow wound healing, fluid retention, low potassium
What are the functions of glucocorticoids?
Regulation of blood pressure
- Anti-flammatory
- Metabolism of carbs & proteins, fats, and proteins
What are nursing considerations for glucocorticoids?
Sodium levels. (Should avoid high sodium)
- Take in the AM
- Do not abruptly stop taking medication
- Potassium levels
- Do not give if client has received a live virus vaccine
- Diabetic patients will need to check glucose levels more often
4 THINGS MEDICATIONS COME FROM?
PLANTS, ANIMALS, LAB & MOLD
4 TYPES OF PHYSICIAN ORDERS?
Standing
Single
STAT
PRN(as needed)
WHEN GIVING ORAL MEDICATION VN SHOULD?
Assess client has no issues swallowing
Provide full glass of water
