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M2 Cardiovascular > VM: Cardiac Muscle and Blood Vessels > Flashcards

VM: Cardiac Muscle and Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Where are muscular arteries typically found?

A

Main distributing branches of the arterial tree:

  • radial
  • femoral
  • coronary
  • cerebral
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1
Q

The nuclei within the tunica media belong to which cell type?

A

smooth muscle cells

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1
Q

Identify (1-3)

A
  1. Tunica adventitia
  2. Tunica media
  3. endothelial cell nuclei
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2
Q

What is the functional significance of fenestrated elastic laminae in elastic arteries?

A

The elasticicity of the elastic arteries helps to maintain constant atrial pressure (strech during systole, recoil during diastole)

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2
Q

Continuous capillaries are generally found in what type(s) of tissue? Describe them.

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • skeletal muscle
  • brain and peripheral nerves

Endothelial cells are tightly attached to each other by junctional complexes (no fenestrations).

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3
Q

What two major cell-cell junction types are found in intercalacted disks?

A

Fascia adherens (transverse part)

Gap junctions (lateral part)

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4
Q

Some arterioles feature a pre-capillary spinchter to regulate the flow of blood into downstream capillary beds. Name this type of arteriole.

A

metarterioles

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5
Q

Sinusoidal capillaries are generally found in what type(s) of tissues? Describe them.

A
  • bone marrow
  • liver
  • lymphoid organs
  • some endocrine glands

Tortuous, unusually wide lumen (30-40um), fenestrations, endothelial gaps, discontinuous basal lamina

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7
Q

Accumulation of collagen (scar formation) in cardiac tissue is evidence of what?

A

Past myocardial infarction (MI)

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8
Q

Where are elastic arteries found?

A

Major distribution vessels, including:

  • Aorta and inominate (brachiocephalic trunk)
  • Common carotid and subclavian
  • large pulmonary arteries
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8
Q

What type of blood vessel is this?

A

arteriole (large)

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9
Q

Name the three major layers of blood vessels

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica adventitia
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11
Q

What is the functional significance of the intercalated disks?

A

they enable cell adhesion and electrical coupling of adjacent cardiac myocytes

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12
Q

What type of vessel is pictured here?

A

capillary

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14
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are generally found in what type(s) of tissues? Describe them.

A
  • kidneys
  • intestines
  • some endocrine glands

contain fenestrations that may be opened or closed by diaphragms

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15
Q

Identify the structures indicated by arrows

A

capillary fenestrations

17
Q

Why is the cross-sectional diameter of cardiac mycytes variable?

A

Cardiac myocytes are branched

18
Q

Name some characteristics of arterioles

A
  • external diameter of less than 100um
  • wall thickness approximately equal to lumen diameter
  • little or no subendothelial connective tissue
  • 2-5 smooth muscle layers in the tunica media
  • no external elastic lamina
  • very thin tunica adventitia
20
Q

Name some functions of the circulatory system

A
  • transport of O2, nutrients, waste products, body fluid, solutes, and immune system components
  • body heat homeostasis
21
Q

Identify (1-3)

The vessel pictured here belongs to what category of atery?

A
  1. Tunica adventitia
  2. Tunica media
  3. Inner elastic layer

muscular artery

21
Q

What are some possible interventions to promote re-endothelialization of blood vessels (and therefore, re-stenosis)?

A
  • local administration of endothelial cell growth factors (i.e. VEGF)
  • endothelial cell seeding
  • estrogen-eluting stents to promote healing, reduce SMC migration/proliferation, and attract circulating endothelial cells.
22
Q

Are cardiac myocytes typically branched?

How many nuclei are typically associated with each cardiac myocyte?

Where are the nuclei generally located in cardiac myocytes?

A

Yes

1-2

centrally

23
Q

Identify the structures indicated by arrows

A

Intercalated disks

24
Q

Identify (1-3)

What is the purpose of (3)?

A
  1. Tunica adventitia
  2. Tunica media
  3. vasa vasorum - blood supply to the vessel itself
25
Q

Identify an intercalated disk

A
26
Q

Identify (1-4)

A
  1. Internal elastic lamina
  2. Tunica media
  3. External elastic lamina
  4. Tunica adventitia

M2 Cardiovascular (40 decks)

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