Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ocular Pathology and Intraocular Tumors > Vitreous and Retina > Flashcards

Vitreous and Retina Flashcards

1
Q

Volume of adult vitroues

A

4 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of vitreous

A

99% water, type II and IX collagen, GAGs, soluble proteins, glycoproteins, hyalocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the vitreous most densely attached?

A

vitreous base, then optic nerve, then fovea, then at edges of vitreoretinal degeneration (like lattice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Components of primary, secondary, and tertiary vitreous?

A
  1. fibrillar material, mesenchymal cells, vascular components (hyaloid artery, vasa hyaloidea propria, tunica vasculosa lentis). This involutes with formation of the secondary vitreous, where only remnants are hyaloid canal (aka Cloquet canal) or possibly Mittendorf dot or Bergmeister papilla
  2. Adult vitreous. Scant cells (hyalocytes), 99% water, type II and IX collagen, GAGs, soluble proteins, glycoproteins
  3. zonules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PFV: usually bilateral or unilateral? Usually normal size, microphthalmic, or buphthalmic?

A

unilateral. microphthalmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characteristics of PFV?

A

Retrolental fibrovascular plaque with possible connection to remnant of hyaloid artery. Extension of plaque to ciliary body leads to tractional elongation of ciliary processes. If hyaloid artery connected to optic nerve, tractional RD can occur. Lens is often cataractous. Adipose tissue and cartilage may be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cause of proliferative vitreoretinopathy?

A

proliferation of RPE cells on anterior or posterior surface of retinal detachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

time period of fibrinolysis of RBCs in vitreous hemorrhage?

A

3-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Heterogeneous vitreous inflammation with numerous ghost cells and sub-RPE infiltrates?

A

primary intraocular lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most common type of intraocular lymphoma?

A

non-Hodgkins B cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the outer and inner layers of the optic cup develop into?

A

Outer: RPE
Inner: retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

With which anterior layers are the retina and RPE contiguous>\?

A

retina: nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium
RPE: pigmented ciliary body epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

9 layers of retina

A

ILM (footplates of Muller cells), NFL, GCL, IPL, INL, OPL, ONL, ELM (desmosones between Muller cells and photoreceptors), photoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what structures make up the foveola

A

ILM and photoreceptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ratio of rods/cones in fovea?

A
  1. There are no rods in the fovea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what gives the macula its yellow color?

A

xanthophyll pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the functions of the RPE?

A

vitamin A metabolism, maintenance of outer blood-retina barrier, phagocytosis of outer photoreceptor segments, absorption of light, heat exchange, formation of the basal lamina of the inner portion of Bruch membrane, production of the mucopolysaccharide matrix that surrounds photoreceptor outer segments, active transport of materials into and out of the subretinal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

difference in inheritance and pathophysiology of ocular v oculocutaneous albinism

A

ocular: XR, decreased number of melanosomes
oculocutaneous: AR, decreased amount of melanin per melanosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

5mm retinal lesion with larger than normal RPE cells containing more densely packed melanin granules?

A

CHRPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diagnosis and etiologies of acute onset vitreous and and AC inflammation with prominent obliterative retinal vasculitis and necrosis

A

acute retinal necrosis (ARN). HSV 1 or 2, VZV, rarely CMV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

full thickness retinal necrosis and papillitis in an AIDS patient?

A

CMV retinitis

22
Q

necrotizing granulomatous chorioretinitis in immunocompromised patient?

A

fungal (esp Candida) chorioretinitis

23
Q

most common infectious retinitis?

A

toxoplasmosis

24
Q

posterior uveitis with marked vitritis and focal retinochoroiditis adjacent to a chorioretinal scar

A

reactivated toxoplasmosis

25
Q

location of splitting in typical v reticular retinoschisis

A

typical: OPL
reticular: NFL

26
Q

histologic features of lattice?

A

discontinuity of ILM with overlying pocket of liquified vitreous, sclerosis of retinal vessels which maintain patency, condensation of vitreous to margins of lesion, variable degrees of inner retinal atrophy

27
Q

pathophysiology and histologic features of cobblestone degeneration?

A

occlusion of choriocapillaris leading to outer retinal and RPE atrophy with adherence of the inner nuclear layer to Bruch’s, creating the characteristic pale, paving-stone like lesions

28
Q

Time period of oxygen deprivation that leads to retinal cell death?

A

90 minutes

29
Q

pathophysiology of cotton wool spot?

A

Inner retinal ischemia leading to backup of axoplasmic flow in NFL. Swollen axons appear as cytoid bodies histologically or cotton wool spots on fundus exam. Cotton wool spot usually disappears in 4-12 weeks leading a focus of retinal atrophy

30
Q

Where are flame and dot-blot hemorrhages located histologically?

A

flame: NFL

dot-blot: IPL

31
Q

Where in the central retinal vein do CRVOs occur?

A

at the level of the lamina cribrosa

32
Q

Where to BRVOs mostly occur?

A

at sites of AV crossing

33
Q

histologic retinal changes in diabetic retinopathy?

A

capillary basement membrane thickening, loss of pericytes, microaneurysm formation, retinal capillary closure

34
Q

leading cause of new blindness in the USA?

A

AMD

35
Q

type 1 v type 2 CNV

A

type 1: sub-RPE, diffuse drusen, broader RPE loss, more common in AMD
type 2: subretinal, only a small RPE defect, more common in histoplasmosis, more amenable to surgery

36
Q

dilated, thin-walled vascular channels arising from short posterior ciliary arteries penetrate into Bruch’s membrane with associated CNV

A

PCV = polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (formerly posterior uvueal bleeding syndrome)

37
Q

most common gene mutated in Stargardt’s?

A

ABCA4

38
Q

FA characteristics of Stargardt’s?

A

dark choroid and late bull’s-eye pattern hyperfluorescence centered on macula

39
Q

hypertrophic RPE cells with numerous lipofuscin-like PAS-positive cytoplasmic granules in patient with gradually decreasing vision and yellow macular flecks on fundus exam

A

Starggardt’s

40
Q

reduced ratio of light peak to dark in EOG?

A

Best

41
Q

Hallmark fundus finding in Best? Inheritance? Gene?

A

yolk-like central macular lesion. AD. bestrophin

42
Q

most common gene involved in retinal pattern dystrophies?

A

RDS/peripherin

43
Q

gene most commonly involved in AD form of RP?

A

rhodopsin

44
Q

optic disc atrophy, retinal arterial narrowing, and bone-spicule like retinal pigmentation

A

RP

45
Q

zones of tumor cells surrounding a central vessel alternating with zones of tumor necrosis, and with calcifications

A

RB

46
Q

rosette in RB with central lumen?

A

Flexner-Wintereiner rosette

47
Q

rosette in RB with central tangle of eosinophilic material?

A

Homer Wright rosette (no retinal differentiation; also seen in neuroblastoma and meduloblastoma)

48
Q

curvilinear cluster of cells with photoreceptor-like inner segment

A

fleurette (most differentiated)

49
Q

tumor with numerous fleurettes, no mitoti figures, and no areas of necrosis

A

retinocytoma

50
Q

most common clinical appearance of intraocular medulloepithelioma?

A

lightly pigmented or amelanotic cystic mass in the ciliary body

51
Q

hyperplastic non-pigmented ciliary body epithelium arranged in sheets and tubules with intervening PAS-positive basement membrane material

A

Fuchs adenoma

52
Q

slightly elevated, variably pigmented mass involving RPE, peripapillary retina, optic nerve, and overlying vitroues in child>

A

combined hamartoma of retina and RPE

Ocular Pathology and Intraocular Tumors (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions