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Ocular Pathology and Intraocular Tumors > Intro/Wound Repair/Specimen Handling/Special Procedures > Flashcards

Intro/Wound Repair/Specimen Handling/Special Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Hamartoma

A

proliferation of mature tissue at normal location

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2
Q

Choristoma

A

normal, mature tissue at abnormal location

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3
Q

What are Russell Bodies? What do they represent

A

eosinophilic inclusions in plasma cells. immunoglobulin

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4
Q

Time for abrasion to be covered by epithelium? Time for full recovery of all layers?

A

24-48h. 4-6 weeks

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5
Q

How is corneal stromal healing different than other tissues? How do neutrophils arrive at wound?

A

avascular healing. tear film

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6
Q

What layer does not regenerate after a corneal ulcer?

A

Bowman’s (because it is acellular)

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7
Q

Two matrix GAGs in cornea? Matrix GAG for sclera?

A

keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate

dermatan sulfate

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8
Q

Wounds at the limbus cause ___ in the cornea and ___ in the sclera

A

swelling. shrinking

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9
Q

2 differences between clear cornea and limbal incisions?

A
  1. vascular ingrowth from episcleral vessels into a limbal wound v avascular corneal wound
  2. surface remodeling of epithelium over a clear cornea wound that does not occur over a limbal wound
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10
Q

Anatomic definition of limbus?

A

Anterior border: Line connecting Scwalbe’s line (termination of Descemet’s) to termination of Bowman’s

Posterior border: parallel line starting at slceral spur

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11
Q

Ingrowth’s in Descemet’s that are normal in periphery and increase with age

A

Hassall-Henle warts

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12
Q

What is a Lang’s fold?

A

Redundant fold of retina in young eye near ora serrata

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13
Q

What lines the anterior segment of the iris?

A

Stroma

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14
Q

What muscle lines the anterior border of the IPE?

A

Iris dilator (it is a derivative of IPE)

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15
Q

Clinical correlate: pupillary abnormality in Rubella?

A

Miosis (hypoplasia of iris dilator m.)

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16
Q

Clinical correlate: iron is deposited in the lens ____ and copper in the lens ___

A

epithelium

capsule

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17
Q

First sign of diabetic ophthalmopathy?

A

thickened basement membrane of pars plicata

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18
Q

How to diagnose optic atrophy on histology?

A

Widening of subdural space

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19
Q

Where do lens epithelial cells normally terminate? Name of swollen lens epithelial cell found posterior to this? What does this cause clinically?

A

Lens equator. Wedl cell. Posterior subcapsular cataract

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20
Q

Incomplete cortical removal during cataract extraction can lead to ____.

A

Soemmering ring cataract

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21
Q

Where do zonules originate?

A

ciliary processes of pars plicata

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22
Q

Depth of AC in choroidal effusion?

A

shallow

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23
Q

Inferior oblique inserts ___ to the optic nerve

A

lateral, near the macula

24
Q

Calcium in Bowman’s layer?

A

Calcific band keratopathy

25
Q

Pathology of demarcation line?

A

RPE hyperplasia and fibrous metaplasia

26
Q

Histological definition of macula?

A

> /= 2 ganglion cells per cross section

27
Q

True v artifactual RD

A

True: subretinal fluid, outer segment retinal atrophy

28
Q

Acute optic nerve appearance in AION v papilledema?

A

pale in AION (no blood flow), hyperemic in papilledema (venous outflow compromised before arterial flow is)

29
Q

Cavernous spaces in retrolaminar portion of proximal optic nerve due to focal loss of myelin and axons and accumulation of hyaluronic acid

A

Schnabel’s cavernous degeneration of optic nerve

30
Q

What is phthisis bulbi?

A

Atrophy, shrinkage, and disorganization of the eye and intraocular contents

31
Q

Types of immune reaction: I, II, III, IV

A

I: Immediate, IgE , mast cells (ex. allergic conjunctivitis)
II: Antibody-antigen
III: Immune complex (ex Lupus)
IV: Delayed hypersensitivity (sympathetic ophthalmia)

32
Q

acanthosis

A

thickening of epithelium (stratum basale and stratum spinosum)

33
Q

3 places where uvea attaches to sclera?

A

Optic nerve, vortex veins, and scleral spur

34
Q

What is iris color determined by?

A

number and size of melanosomes within a fixed amount of anterior stromal melanocytes

35
Q

Hallmarks of Coats’ disease?

A

Exudative RD with peripheral telangiectasias

36
Q

Where is the disruption in traumatic angle recession? In iridodialysis?

A

Tear in ciliary body between longitudinal and circular muscles
At the iris base

37
Q

Compression and rupture of IPE against anterior lens capsule?

A

Vossius ring

38
Q

Where is the lens capsule thinnest?

A

posterior pole

39
Q

Difference between lens subluxation and luxation?

A

subluxation incomplete, luxation complete

40
Q

Pathophysiology of commotio?

A

Traumatic disruption of photoreceptor architecture leading to retinal opacification

41
Q

Where is retinal dialysis most likely to occur?

A

Inferotemporal (least protected, think sucker punch to face) and superonasal (counter-coup)

42
Q

What layer is ruptured in a choroidal rupture?

A

Bruch’s membrane

43
Q

What is sclopetaria?

A

chorioretinal rupture and necrosis

44
Q

In atrophia bulbi without shrinkage, which three structures are most sensitive to loss of nutrition, and what pathology do you see as a result?

A

lens (cataract), retina (serous detachment), and aqueous outflow tract (posterior synechiae)

45
Q

What are the three stages of the development of phthisis?

A
  1. atrophia bulbi w/o shrinkage.
  2. atrophia bulbi w/ shrinkage: aqueous production decreases, hypotony develops, globe becomes squared off in shape becuase of rectus muscle tension. Corneal endothelial damage leads to corneal edema, opacification, and vascularization
  3. phthisis bulbi: disorganization of intraocular contents, RPE of preserved uvea undergoes proliferation or even osseous metaplasia, extensive calcification of Bowman, lens, retina (drusen), sclera becomes massively thickened.
46
Q

Routine fixation media for all tissues?

For cytology?

A

formalin

ethyl alcohol

47
Q

Fixative for electron microscopy?

For immunofluoresence?

A

gluteraldehyde

Michel media

48
Q

Approximate volume of formalin and fixation time for whole globe?

A

10:1, 24 hours (at least 12 hours)

49
Q

Stain for:

  1. basement membrane
  2. mucopolysaccharides
  3. amyloid
  4. bacteria
  5. collagen
  6. fungi
  7. lipid
  8. acid fast orgnisms
  9. iron
  10. calcium phosphate salts
A
  1. PAS
  2. Alcian blue or colloidal iron
  3. Congo red
  4. Gram
  5. Masson trichome
  6. Gomori methamine silver
  7. Oil red O
  8. Ziehl-Neelsen
  9. Prussian blue
  10. von Kossa
50
Q

Embryologic origin of the following:

  1. corneal stroma and endothelium, TM, iris stroma, sclera (except temporal portion)
  2. corneal epithelium and lacrimal drainage system
  3. IPE, iris sphincter and dilator, RPE, neurosensory retina
  4. temporal sclera, fibers of EOMs, Schlemm’s canal
A
  1. neural crest
  2. surface ectoderm
  3. neuroectoderm
  4. mesoderm
51
Q

Antibodies in immunohistochemistry for the following:

  1. epithelial cells (adenoma, carcinoma)
  2. smooth or skeletal muscle (leiomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma)
  3. neuroectodermal origin (schwannoma, neurofibroma, melanoma)
  4. melanocytic (nevus, melanoma)
  5. neuroendocrine lesions (metastatic carcinoid, small cell carcinoma)
  6. lesions of hematopoietic origin (leukemia, lymphoma)
A
  1. cytokeratin
  2. desmin, actin, myoglobin
  3. S-100
  4. HMB-45, Melan A
  5. chromogranin and synaptophysin
  6. leukocyte common antigen
52
Q

Immunophenotyping of leukocytes is accomplished by what type of diagnostic procedure?

A

flow cytometry

53
Q

What lesion should general ophthalmologists probably not perform FNAB on to prevent risk of seeding?

A

retinoblastoma

54
Q

What diagnostic procedure neciessitates fresh tissue?

A

flow cytometry

55
Q

Most common immunohistochemical markers for:
B cells
T cells

Ocular Pathology and Intraocular Tumors (15 decks)

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