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Court of Master Sommelier Level 2 > Viticulture & Vinification > Flashcards

Viticulture & Vinification Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards Certified Sommelier Exam (CMS 2) flashcards
1
Q

What is passilerage?

A

Allowing grapes to raisinate on the vine.

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2
Q

What is viticulture?

A

The study of growing grapes.

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3
Q

What is vinification?

A

The making of wine.

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4
Q

What is the annual life cycle of a grape vine?

A

weeping (February), budbreak (March), flowering (mid-April), fruit set (May thru July), veraison (August), harvest (late-August thru early-November)

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5
Q

What is “shatter”?

A

When grape embryo berries fall from the developing cluster on the vine.

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6
Q

What is “terroir”?

A

The total environment of the living vine - climate, soil, water, wind, sun exposure, slope, vine dressing, hand of man

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7
Q

What is a “macroclimate”?

A

The regional climate

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8
Q

What is a “mesoclimate”?

A

The climate of a particular vineyard

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9
Q

What is a “microclimate”?

A

The climate in and around a vine canopy

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10
Q

What are the most popular classifications of vine training?

A

Cordon and Head-trained.

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11
Q

What is Cordon vine training?

A

The vine has at least one permanent cane that extends from the trunk. The vines are spur-pruned.

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12
Q

What is Head vine training?

A

There is a permanent cane, or cordon; the trunk ends in a knob, or head. May be spur-pruned or cane-pruned.

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13
Q

What is a ‘spur”?

A

When a cane is cut back to two buds.

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14
Q

What is “enrichment”?

A

Adding sweet juice, of the same grape variety, to the wine.

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15
Q

What is “chaptalization”?

A

Adding sugar to the must to increase the final alcohol and glycerin content of the wine.

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16
Q

What is “malolactic fermentation”?

A

A secondary fermentation where lactic acid bacteria (either naturally or induced) convert harsh malic acids into softer lactic acids and carbon dioxide.

17
Q

The main purpose for grafting vines is to?

A

Improve the quality of grapes

18
Q

What is “mass selection”?

A

When a grower selects budwood from a number of vines throughout the vineyard in order to reinforce positive varietal traits. The buds are grafted into separate rootstock - mostly American rootstock.

19
Q

What is “clone selection”?

A

When a grower selects identical genetic reproductions of a single vine for their specific attributes both in the field and in the wine: disease resistance, hardiness, yield, aromatics, structure, and color.

20
Q

What is the “Guyot System”??

A

Developed in 1860 by Jules Guyot, this system requires a vertical trellis on which the canes can be suspended, and has one spur and one main two-year-old cane.

21
Q

What is the “Goblet System”?

A

An ancient technique of vine training where the vine, often unsupported, resembles a goblet, with each year’s fruiting canes extending from the spur-pruned, shortened arms atop the trunk.

22
Q

What is the “Geneva System”?

A

A vine training system where the cordons extend from the trunk in a flat “U” shape, creating a divided canopy.

23
Q

What is the “Tendone System”?

A

Also known as “Pergola” in Italy, where the vines are trained upward and overhead along wooden frames or trees, enabling workers to pass overhead.

24
Q

What is “pigeage”?

A

Punching down the cap (grape solids) on the surface of the must during wine production.

25
Q

That is the “cap” in wine production?

A

The grape solids that collect at the top of the must during fermentation.

26
Q

What is “remontage”?

A

When fermenting wine is pumped over the cap of the must.

27
Q

What is “vin de goutte”?

A

Free run juice…the first juice drained off after fermentation.

28
Q

What is “vin de presse”?

A

The juice pressed off of the pumice after fermentation.

29
Q

What is “elevage”?

A

Maturing wines in oak barrels.

30
Q

What is “racking” or “soutirage”?

A

Moving wine from one vessel to another, providing aeration and clarification,

31
Q

What is “fining” or “collage”?

A

Adding a fining agent to the wine in order to further remove solids.

Court of Master Sommelier Level 2 (30 decks)

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