Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introductory Turned Certified Sommelier - Matt & Ryan > Viticulture (R) > Flashcards

Viticulture (R) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards Certified Sommelier Exam (CMS 2) flashcards
1
Q

What are the factors of production?

A
  1. Historical Background
  2. Location/Geography
  3. Climate
  4. Topography/Aspect
  5. Soil
  6. Grape Varieties Planted
  7. Viticultural Practices
  8. Vinification Practices
  9. Harvest
  10. Yearly Weather/Vintage Variation
  11. Terroir
  12. Regional Wine Laws
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define viticulture

A

The art and science of vine growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What characterizes the location/geography of a vineyard?

A

Site selection
Goals
Regional Wine Laws
Financial Considerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does climate determine?

A

Wine style

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the latitudinal zones of wine growing?

A

30-50 degrees in both hemispheres (Northern and Southern)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Macroclimate?

A

The “big picture” climate of an entire wine region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Mesoclimate?

A

The climate of a particular vineyard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Microclimate?

A

The climate of a particular row of vines or even a specific vine within a vineyard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four primary climates?

A
  1. Continental (cool)
  2. Maritime (moderate)
  3. Mediterranean (warm)
  4. High Desert (hot)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What characterizes a Continental climate?

A
  1. Strong annual variation in temperature due to lack of proximity to significant bodies of water.
  2. Hotter summers than maritime
  3. Often cold winters that can be extreme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What characterizes a Maritime climate?

A
  1. Influenced by a large body of water such as a sea or ocean
  2. Marked by mild temperatures
  3. Year to year temperature fluctuations causing vintage variation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What characterizes a Mediterranean climate?

A
  1. Summers are hot and dry (except for immediate coastal areas)
  2. Along coasts, summers are mild due to proximity to cold water currents
  3. Storms can be consequence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What characterizes a High Desert climate?

A
  1. Hot and dry summers
  2. High daytime temperatures
  3. Dramatic drops in temperature overnight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors affect climate?

A
  1. Diurnal Shifts
  2. Sunshine Hours
  3. Threats (frost or freeze, hail, strong winds)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are sunshine hours and how do they affect climate?

A
  • Number of sunshine hours a vineyard or wine region receives in a given vintage year or growing season.
  • Ripening of grapes
  • Balancing of acidity and sugar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are potential threats and how do they affect climate? (3)

A
  • Frost or Freeze: Hazard in Spring and Fall. Can kill vines outright. In spring, frost can damage or kill delicate buds and flowers, preventing vines from setting grape clusters.
  • Hail: Can shatter grapes.
  • Strong Winds: Can blow over vines or blow buds and flowers off the vine, preventing grapes from growing.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the primary climate moderators. (4)

A
  • Bodies of water (rivers, lakes, oceans - can warm or cool a region)
  • Mountains (rain shadow can protect)
  • Altitude/Elevation (1 degree drop per 1 meter rise)
  • Wind (can cool or lend warmth/drier air)
18
Q

major white grape varieties?

A

16

19
Q

major red grape varieties?

A

18

20
Q

What are the primary topographic elements?

A
  • Local Elevation/Altitude
  • Hillside Slope or Valley Floor?
    (Slope = better drainage, less fertile from erosion, lower chance of frost, difficult to maintain and harvest
    (Floor = pooling of air, frost, sometimes overly fertile)
  • Aspect (sun facing or not)
  • Proximity to Water
21
Q

Important properties of soil? (3)

A
  • Water Drainage
  • Water Retention
  • Sun Reflection
22
Q

Main types of soil? (8)

A
  1. Granite
  2. Limestone/Chalk
  3. Marl
  4. Schist
  5. Clay
  6. Sand
  7. Silt
  8. Gravel
23
Q

What do grape skins contribute to a wine?

A
  1. Tannins
  2. Color
  3. Flavor
24
Q

What do grape pulps contribute to a wine?

A
  1. Water
  2. Sugar (increases as grape ripens)
  3. Acids (decreases as grape ripes)
  4. Seed/Pips (can give bitter flavors if pressed)
25
Q

Grapes are the fruit of a vining plant of the genus __________.

A

Vitis

26
Q

What are the main species of vining plants that produce grapes?

A
  1. Vitis vinifera (native to Mediterranean, Europe, Southwestern Asia)
  2. Vitis labrusca
  3. Vitis riparia
27
Q

What should you consider when choosing a grape variety of planting?

A
  • Wine Laws
  • Climate Compatibility
  • Soil Compatibility
28
Q

What is viticultural propagation?

A

A fancy term for vine breeding.

29
Q

Name the three types of viticultural propagation.

A
  1. Hybrids
  2. Crosses
  3. Clones
30
Q

What is hybrid propagation?

A

Combining two or more species to produce a new variety (Vitis vinifera x Vitis Labrusca) (ie. the Armagnac grape Baco Blanc = Folle blanche (vinifera) X Noah (labrusca))

31
Q

What is cross propagation?

A

Combining vines of the same species to produce a new variety (Vitis vinifera x Vitis vinifera) (ie. Cabernet Sauvignon = Cabernet Franc (vinifera) X Sauvignon Blanc (vinifera))

32
Q

What is clone propagation?

A

Identical genetic reproduction of a single vine (common in Cabernet Sauvignon)

33
Q

How does a cool climate impact wine style?

A
  • Slow, moderate ripening
  • Less sugar
  • Higher acidity
  • Lower alcohol potential
  • More tart and lean; less ripe and juicy
34
Q

How does a warm climate impact wine style?

A
  • Full ripening
  • More sugar
  • Lower acidity
  • Higher alcohol potential
  • Ripe, lush, juicy
35
Q

Name four factors of viticultural practices.

A
  1. Vineyard Architecture
  2. Vine Spacing
  3. Vine Training
  4. Yield
36
Q

What is “green harvest”?

A

The dropping or cutting of grape bunches off of a vine before harvest to focus the vine’s energy on FEWER, HIGHER QUALITY BUNCHES.

37
Q

Name five aspects of vineyard management.

A
  1. Canopy Management
  2. Irrigation
  3. Pests and Diseases
  4. Fertilizers
  5. Anti-Fungal Treatments
38
Q

What aspects of harvest determine wine style and quality?

A
  • Timing of Picking (grape maturity, sugar ripeness, physiological ripeness, tannin ripeness)
  • Number of Vineyard Passes
  • Method (hand vs mechanical; small bin vs large bin)
39
Q

Define terroir.

A

Terroir is the entire set of factors that influence the development of the vine’s fruit and the characteristics the fruit will show once vinified.

40
Q

Regional wine laws often dictate _______, _______, _______, and _______.

A
  • WHERE grapes can be grown
  • WHAT grapes can be grown
  • HOW grapes can be grown
  • WHEN grapes can be picked
41
Q

How does the size of an acre compare to the size of a hectare?

A

1 acre is roughly 40% of 1 hectare

Introductory Turned Certified Sommelier - Matt & Ryan (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions