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Introductory Turned Certified Sommelier - Matt & Ryan > Burgundy (R) > Flashcards

Burgundy (R) Flashcards

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1
Q

What characterizes Burgundy’s historical background?

A

Complex land ownership

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2
Q

What are the historical beginnings of Burgundy?

A
  • Middle Ages: Land owned by Catholic Church’s Benedictine and then Cistercian Monasteries - Cistercian Monks from the abbey of Citeaux painstakingly studied the vineyards - Identified tiny parcels that yielded superior results - Named and classified wines by their terroir
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3
Q

What caused Burgundy’s complex land ownership?

A
  • French Revolution - Vineyards taken away from church and aristocracy - Larger pieces broken up and sold - 1804 - Napoleon’s “Code of Inheritance” - Required equal division of estates among heirs - Example: Clos Vougeot 125 acres once managed by Cistercian monks, now 80 different plots and owers
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4
Q

Where is Burgundy located?

A

Eastern / Central France near the border with Switzerland

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5
Q

Five sub-regions of Burgundy?

A
  1. Chablis 2. Cote d’Or - Cote de Nuits - Cote de Beaune 3. Cote Chalonnaise 4. Maconnais 5. Beaujolais
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6
Q

Burgundy’s climate?

A

Continental

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7
Q

Burgundy’s topography/aspect?

A
  • Rolling Hills - Cote d’Or slope (best vineyards are on hillsides facing east/southeast)
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8
Q

What soils characterize Burgundy?

A
  1. Chalk 2. Calcareous Clay 3. Marl 4. Limestone 5. Granite (in Beaujolais)
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9
Q

What grape varieties are grown in Burgundy?

A
  • Chardonnay - Aligote - Pinot Noir - Gamay
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10
Q

How many Grand Cru AOP’s are in Burgundy?

A

33

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11
Q

Define Domaine.

A

Growers/producers that own the vineyards they are producing wine from.

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12
Q

__________ are wine merchants who buy grapes and/or finished wines for blending and bottling under their own labels.

A

Negociants

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13
Q

What does the word Clos mean?

A

Plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded with dry-stone walls. (Clos Vougeot)

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14
Q

What is a Monopole?

A

Parcel of land with single ownership

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15
Q

What characterizes a village wine and its labeling?

A
  • Often village name appended by most famous vineyard name (Gevrey-Chambertin) - 100% of the grapes are grown in and around the named village
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16
Q

What characterizes a 1er Cru wine and its labeling?

A
  • Village, name of specific vineyard, and “Premier Cru” or “1er Cru” all on label - 100% of grapes come from specific named vineyard
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17
Q

What characterizes a Grand Cru wine and its labeling?

A
  • No village name on the label, only the name of the vineyard (ie. Chambertin) - 100% of the grapes come from one of the very best vineyards in Burgundy
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18
Q

Where is Chablis located?

A
  • 80 miles north of the Cote d’Or (its actually closer to Champagne than the rest of Burgundy)
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19
Q

Climate in Chablis?

A

Cool Continental

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20
Q

Soil in Chablis?

A

Kimmeridgian clay / Limestone

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21
Q

Grape varieties in Chablis?

A

100% Chardonnay

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22
Q

What characterizes viticultural practices in Chablis?

A

Picking time is critical because of late season frosts

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23
Q

What characterizes vinification practices in Chablis?

A
  • No oak used with lower-tier wines - But frequent in upper-tier wines - Malolactic Fermentation is common
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24
Q

What is the appellation hierarchy in Chablis?

A
  1. Chablis AOP 2. Petit Chablis AOP 3. Chablis Premier Cru AOP (40) 4. Chablis Grand Cru AOP (1/33)
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25
Q

How many vineyards are designated as Premier Cru in Chablis?

A

40

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26
Q

How many Grand Cru AOP’s are in Chablis?

A

1 (with seven vineyard designations or seven “climats”)

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27
Q

Name the seven vineyard designations of Chablis Grand Cru.

A
  1. Grenouilles 2. Bougros 3. Les Preuses 4. Vaudesir 5. Valmur 6. Les Clos 7. Blanchot
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28
Q

Where does the Cote d’Or start and end?

A

30 miles escarpment that starts at Dijon and ends at the village of Santenay.

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29
Q

What are the two subregions of Cote d’Or?

A
  1. Cote de Nuits 2. Cote de Beaune
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30
Q

Cote de Nuits - Location?

A

Northern section of the Cote d’or

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31
Q

Cote de Nuits - Topography/Aspect?

A
  • Hillsides and ridges - Top vineyard sites are often in the middle section of the hillside
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32
Q

Cote de Nuits - Climate?

A

Continental

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33
Q

Cote de Nuits - Grape varieties?

A

Pinot Noir

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34
Q

Cote de Nuits - Soil?

A
  • Marl - Limestone
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35
Q

What does the French word “Cote” mean?

A

Hillside or slope

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36
Q

What is the primary aspect of terroir in Burgundy?

A
  • Hillsides and slopes - Soil compositions and microclimates can vary dramatically
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37
Q

Cote de Nuits - primary viticultural considerations?

A
  • Frost - Summer hail - Excessive fall rain
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38
Q

Cote de Nuits - primary vinification considerations?

A
  • French oak (often new) - Some ferment whole cluster, others destem
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39
Q

What other name does Cote d’Or often go by?

A

“Golden Slope”

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40
Q

Where does the name Cote d’Or come from?

A

Cote d’Orient literally meaning “eastern slope”

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41
Q

Primary soil - Cote d’Or?

A

Limestone

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42
Q

What characterizes a Bourgogne AOP (Cote de Nuits)?

A
  • A regional appellation - Pinot Noir or Chardonnay from anywhere in the entire Burgundy region
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43
Q

How many communes are in the Cote de Nuits-Villages AOP?

A

5

44
Q

How many villages have Village AOP designation in Cote de Nuits?

A

9

45
Q

Name the Village AOP’s in Cote de Nuits.

A
  1. Marsannay 2. Fixin 3. Gevrey-Chambertin 4. Morey-St. Denis 5. Chambolle-Musigny 6. Vougeot 7. Vosne-Romanee 8. Flagey Echezeaux 9. Nuits-Saint-Georges
46
Q

How many Village AOP’s contain Gran Cru AOP’s in Cote de Nuits?

A

6

47
Q

Which Village AOP’s Grand Cru AOP’s in Cote de Nuits?

A
  1. Gevrey-Chambertin 2. Morey-St. Denis 3. Chambolle-Musigny 4. Vougeot 5. Vosne-Romanee 6. Nuits-Saint-Georges
48
Q

How many Grand Cru AOP’s are in Cote de Nuits?

A

24

49
Q

What is the appellation hierarchy in Cote de Nuits?

A
  1. Regional Appellation - Bourgogne AOP 2. Cote de Nuits-Villages AOP (5 communes) 3. Village AOP (9 villages) 4. Premier Cru AOP (130+ vineyards) 5. Grand Cru AOP (24/33 vineyars in Burgundy)
50
Q

What characterizes a Cote de Nuits-Villages AOP (Cote de Nuits)?

A
  • General appellation for wines from five small communes in Cote de Nuits - Red wine (Pinot Noir) ONLY
51
Q

What characterizes a Village AOP (Cote de Nuits)?

A
  • 100% of the grapes are grown in and around the named village (9 villages)
52
Q

What characterizes a Premier Cru AOP (Cote de Nuits)?

A
  • 100% of the grapes are grown in a specific, individually named vineyard (more than 130 of these) - If no vineyard is on label, can be blend from any premier cru vineyards in that village
53
Q

What characterizes a Grand Cru AOP (Cote de Nuits)?

A
  • 100% of the grapes are grown in the named grand cru vineyard sites
54
Q

Give five examples of Grand Cru AOP’s in Cote de Nuits.

A
  1. Le Chambertin (Gevrey-Chambertin) 2. Bonnes-Mares (part in Morey-St. Denis; part in Chambolle-Musigny) 3. Musigny (Chambolle-Musigny) 4. La Tache (Vosne-Romanee) 5. La Romanee (Vosne-Romanee)
55
Q

Top recent vintages in Cote de Nuits?

A

2005 2009 2010 2014 2015

56
Q

Cote de Beaune - Location?

A

Southern section of Cote d’Or

57
Q

Cote de Beaune - Topography/Aspect?

A
  • Hillsides and ridges - Top vineyard sites are often in the middle section of the hillside
58
Q

Cote de Beaune - Climate?

A
  • Continental - Wide range of micro-climates village to village; vineyard to vineyard
59
Q

Cote de Beaune - Soil?

A
  • Marl - Limestone
60
Q

Cote de Beaune - Grape Varieties?

A
  • Chardonnay - Pinot Noir
61
Q

Cote de Beaune - primary vinification considersations?

A

Oak, often new, is used for both reds and whites

62
Q

True or False: Oak, often new, is used for both reds and whites in Cote de Beaune.

A

True

63
Q

What is the appellation hierarchy in Cote de Beaune?

A
  • Bourgogne AOP - Village AOP - Premier Cru AOP (hundreds) - Grand Cru AOP (8/33)
64
Q

What are some of the best know Village AOP’s in Cote de Beaune?

A
  • Aloxe-Corton - Beaune - Pommard - Volnay - Meursault - Puligny-Montrachet - Chassagne-Montrachet
65
Q

List five examples of Grand Cru AOP’s in Cote de Beaune.

A
  1. Le Corton 2. Corton-Charlemagne 3. Le Montrachet 4. Batard-Montrachet 5. Chevalier-Montrachet
66
Q

Top recent vintages in Cote de Beaune?

A

2005 2009 2010 2014 2015

67
Q

Where is Cote Chalonnaise located?

A

Directly south of the Cote d’Or

68
Q

What is important about the geography of of Cote Chalonnaise?

A

No hillside escarpments to protect the vineyard from eastern winds

69
Q

Cote Chalonnaise - climate?

A

Continental

70
Q

Cote Chalonnaise - soil?

A

Limestone

71
Q

Cote Chalonnaise - grape varieties?

A
  1. Chardonnay 2. Aligote (in small volume) 3. Pinot Noir
72
Q

Cote Chalonnaise - primary vinification considerations?

A

Little to no new oak used (whites and reds)

73
Q

How many Grand Crus are in Cote Chalonnaise?

A

0

74
Q

There are ___________ grand crus but ____________ premier crus in Cote Chalonnaise.

A

no, many

75
Q

Name the five village AOP’s in Cote Chalonnaise.

A
  1. Bouzeron AOP 2. Rully AOP 3. Mercurey AOP 4. Givry AOP 5. Montagny AOP
76
Q

Grape varieties in Bouzeron?

A
  1. 100% Aligote
77
Q

Grape varieties in Rully?

A
  1. Chardonnay 2. Pinot Noir 3. Cremant de Bourgogne
78
Q

Grape varieties in Mercurey?

A
  1. Chardonnay 2. Pinot Noir
79
Q

Grape varieties in Givry?

A
  1. Chardonnay 2. Pinot Noir
80
Q

Grape varieties in Montagny?

A
  1. Chardonnay
81
Q

Wines from Cote Chalonnaise are generally __________ than wines from the Cote d’Or and offer __________.

A

Less expensive, great value

82
Q

Maconnais - climate?

A

Continental (but slightly warmer and drier than the more northern Burgundy regions)

83
Q

Maconnais - topography?

A

Large area; low-lying hills and flat farmland

84
Q

Maconnais - grape varieties?

A

MAINLY Chardonnay (some Pinot Noir and Gamay)

85
Q

Maconnais - primary vinification considerations?

A

Mainly white wine production; little to no use of oak (except for Pouilly-Fuisse)

86
Q

What is the appellation hierarchy in Maconnais?

A
  1. Macon AOP 2. Saint-Veran AOP 3. Pouilly-Fuisse AOP
87
Q

How many Grand Crus are in Maconnais?

A

0

88
Q

How many Premier Crus are in Maconnais?

A

0

89
Q

Macon AOP - grape varieties grown?

A

Mainly white wines - Chardonnay

90
Q

Saint-Veran AOP - grape varieties grown?

A

White wine only - Chardonnay

91
Q

Saint-Veran AOP - use of oak?

A

Yes, some use of new oak

92
Q

Pouilly-Fuisse AOP - use of new oak?

A

Yes, some use of new oak

93
Q

Pouilly-Fuisse AOP - grape varieties?

A

White wine only - Chardonnay

94
Q

Wines from Pouilly-Fuisse are generally __________ than other wines from the region.

A

More expensive

95
Q

Where is Beaujolais located?

A

South of, and slightly overlapping, the Maconnais

96
Q

How long is Beaujolais from North to South?

A

35 miles

97
Q

Beaujolais - climate?

A

Semi-continental; warmer than the rest of Burgundy

98
Q

Beaujolais - soils?

A
  • Schist and granite (northern Beaujolais Cru villages) - Sandstone and clay in the south
99
Q

Beaujolais - grape varieties?

A
  • Chardonnay (in small volume) - Gamay
100
Q

Beaujolais - viticultural characteristics?

A
  • Hillside vineyards with low yields in northen Beaujolais Crus - Flatter plains in the south
101
Q

Beaujolais - vinification characteristics?

A
  • Carbonic maceration - Stainless steel - Used or older French oak barrels
102
Q

Beaujolais - appellation hierarchy?

A
  1. Beaujolais AOP 2. Beaujolais Nouveau 3. Beaujolais-Villages AOP 4. Beaujolais Crus
103
Q

Define the Beaujolais AOP.

A

Made from grapes anywhere in the region. (small proportion is white)

104
Q

Define the Beaujolais Nouveau.

A
  • Easy drinking - Released 3rd Thursday after harvest - Should be drunk soon afterwards
105
Q

Define the Beaujolais-Villages AOP.

A
  • 38 designated villages - No individual village names on label; simply designated as villages
106
Q

Define the Beaujolais Crus.

A
  • Only red wines made from Gamay - Ten named villages, each with own AOP - Region’s best wines; from hillside vineyards with granite in the soil - Morgon AOP is a good example
107
Q

Name the ten Beaujolais Crus.

A
  1. Saint-Amour 2. Julienas 3. Chenas 4. Moulin-a-Vent 5. Fleurie 6. Chiroubles 7. Morgon 8. Regnie 9. Cote de Brouilly 10. Brouilly

Introductory Turned Certified Sommelier - Matt & Ryan (28 decks)

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