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Introductory Turned Certified Sommelier - Matt & Ryan > North America > Flashcards

North America Flashcards

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1
Q

In general, where are sparkling wines produced in Napa?

A

Cooler, southern areas

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2
Q

Where is Washington located?

A

Pacific Northwest

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3
Q

Who is associated with the wine industry’s flourish in the United States in the 1850’s and why?

A
  • Agoston Haraszthy, a Hungarian fur trader
  • Saw the potential in Sonoma
  • Founded Buena Vista winery 1857
  • Considered “Father of California Wine Industry”
  • Imported first European vinifera vines to California
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4
Q

What are the labeling laws for estate bottling in the United States?

A
  • 100% of wine must come from grapes grown on land owned or controlled by winery WHICH must be located in an AVA
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5
Q

What is the climate in Napa?

A

Maritime

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6
Q

Name 4 important AVA’s in New York State.

A
  1. Finger Lakes
  2. Hudson Valley
  3. Long Island
  4. Lake Erie
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7
Q

New York State - viticulture?

A

Important to protect vines from deep freezes in winter and mold in warm, humid summers

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8
Q

In Washington, there are dramatic diurnal differences of up to __________ degrees between day and night.

A

40

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9
Q

Where is Sonoma located?

A
  • Western edge of the North Coast

- From Pacific coast to Mayacamas

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10
Q

What event established the “world class” caliber of wines in California and when did it take place?

A
  • The Judgment of Paris

- 1976

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11
Q

Washington - grape varieties?

A 
WHITE
1. Chardonnay
2. Riesling
RED
1. Cabernet Sauvignon
2. Merlot
3. Syrah
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12
Q

Sonoma - viticulture?

A
  • Hillsides
  • Differences in elevation
  • Diurnal Shifts
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13
Q

What is the most notable AVA in Mendocino County?

A

Anderson Valley

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14
Q

What is the climate in California and what is a common theme throughout the region?

A
  • Cool on coast; warm to hot inland

- All based on distance from Pacific Ocean

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15
Q

Where is Santa Barbara County located?

A

North of LA and the city of Santa Barbara

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16
Q

Name the three primary geographical features in Napa Valley.

A
  1. Mayacamas (west - separating from Sonoma)
  2. Vacas (east)
  3. Napa River (runs throughout)
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17
Q

What is the most notable region for sparkling wines in Napa?

A

Carneros

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18
Q

Napa - Zinfandel - warm or cool climate?

A

Warm

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19
Q

When was the modern era of the United States’ wine industry ushered in?

A

1960’s and 1970s

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20
Q

In Napa, what characterizes the winemaking process for white wines, particularly Chardonnay?

A

Malolactic Fermentation

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21
Q

Name 5 important AVA’s of the Central Coast.

A
  1. Monterey
  2. Paso Robles
  3. Santa Maria Valley
  4. Santa Ynez Valley
  5. Santa Rita Hills
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22
Q

In 1933, upon the repeal of Prohibition, how many wineries remained?

A

Fewer than 100

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23
Q

Where are the main wine regions situated in Oregon?

A
  • South from Portland

- Between the Coastal Range and Cascade Mountains

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24
Q

What is the primary climate moderator in Washington?

A

Rain shadow from Cascade Mountains

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25
Q

Monterey - climate moderators?

A
  • Fog

- Intense winds

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26
Q

Name two climate moderators in Sonoma.

A
  1. Pacific Ocean

2. Petaluma Gap

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27
Q

What’s another name for Prohibition in the United States?

A

The “noble experiment”

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28
Q

Which AVA’s are impacted by cool air and fog the most - northern or southern?

A

Southern

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29
Q

What is unique about Oregon wine law? (3)

A
  1. Requires min. 90% of the grape variety stated on label
  2. Exception is made for Cabernet Sauvignon which is standard 75%
  3. If AVA is referenced, min. 95% must come from stated AVA rather than standard 85%
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30
Q

Sonoma - grape varieties?

A 
WHITE
1. Chardonnay
2. Sauvignon Blanc
RED
1. Pinot Noir
2. Cabernet Sauvignon
3. Merlot
4. Zinfandel
5. SYRAH
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31
Q

Where is California located?

A

West coast of United States

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32
Q

Washington - how do low temperatures at night impact the vines as they grow?

A

Low temps allow the vines to rest and help preserve acidity and freshness

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33
Q

Where are vineyards sites located in Napa Valley and how does it impact the wine?

A
  • Slopes or Valley Foor

- Brings differences in intensity of color, flavor, structure

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34
Q

Summarize the 1800’s in the wine industry in the United States.

A
  1. Series of setbacks
  2. Phylloxera (1880s and 1890s)
  3. Prohibition (1920-1933)
  4. The Great Depression
  5. World War II
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35
Q

What are the labeling laws for AVA in the United States?

A
  • 75% min. for country, state, county
  • 85% min. for stated AVA
  • 95% min. from stated single vineyard
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36
Q

Where is the Napa Valley located?

A
  • North Coast

- 30mi stretch from San Pablo Bay (in south) to Mt. St. Helena (in north)

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37
Q

Oregon - grape varieties?

A 
WHITE
1. Pinot Gris
2. Chardonnay
3. Riesling
RED
1. Pinot Noir (70% of plantings)
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38
Q

Where is Mendocino county located?

A
  • North Coast
  • North of Sonoma County
  • On Pacific Ocean
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39
Q

Monterey - what characterizes its soil/geography?

A

Very fertile area

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40
Q

Name the 4 primary wine regions in California.

A
  1. North Coast
  2. Sierra Foothills
  3. Central Valley
  4. Central Coast
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41
Q

What is the primary grape in Oregon and what percentage of plantings is it?

A
  • Pinot Noir

- 70%

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42
Q

How are AVA’s defined?

A
  • “delimited grape growing areas”

- refers to geographic location only

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43
Q

Sonoma - topography?

A

Hill and mountainous throughout

44
Q

Santa Barbara - grape varieties?

A 
WHITE
1. Chardonnay
2. Sauvignon Blanc
RED
1. Pinot Noir
2. Rhone Varieties (Grenache, Syrah)
3. Bordeaux Varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot)
45
Q

New York State - climate?

A

Continental

46
Q

Name three important AVA’s in Santa Barbara.

A
  1. Santa Maria Valley
  2. Santa Ynez Valley
  3. Santa Rita Hills
47
Q

Which cultures impacted the wine business during the Gold Rush in the United States?

A
  • The Gold Rush attracted Italian and French immigrants to California
48
Q

Where is Oregon located?

A

Pacific Northwest

49
Q

What is an important viticultural consideration in Monterey?

A

Site selection to protect from harsh winds

50
Q

What grape varieties are grown in Monterey?

A 
WHITE
1. Chardonnay
RED
1. Pinot Noir
2. Cabernet Sauvignon
3. Merlot
4. Zinfandel
51
Q

Anderson Valley - climate?

A

Cool coastal

52
Q

Napa Valley - soil?

A

Very diverse across the region

53
Q

Oregon - climate?

A

Cool and maritime

54
Q

Where is Paso Robles located?

A
  • San Luis Obispo County

- Between Monterey and Santa Barbara

55
Q

Name the 4 sub-regions of California’s North Coast.

A
  1. Napa
  2. Sonoma
  3. Mendocino
  4. Lake
56
Q

What causes the diurnal shifts in Napa Valley and how do they impact the wine?

A
  • Fog (rolls in morning and night)

- Retains acidity and imparts freshness

57
Q

Name 5 important AVA’s in Napa.

A
  1. Howell Mountain
  2. Stag’s Leap District
  3. Oakville
  4. Rutherford
  5. Carneros
58
Q

Who were the key players that ushered in the modern era of the wine industry in the United States?

A
  • Robert Mondavi

- Andre Tchelistcheff

59
Q

What is the most important AVA in Oregon?

A

Willamette

60
Q

Where is New York State located?

A

Northeastern United States

61
Q

What does AVA stand for?

A

American Viticultural Area

62
Q

What are the labeling laws for vintage in the United States?

A
  • 85% min. from stated vintage if from state or county

- 95% min. from stated vintage if from AVA

63
Q

Napa - Pinot Noir - warm or cool climate?

A

Cool

64
Q

In the United States, what is the name of the governing body that regulates all federal beverage alcohol laws?

A

Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)

65
Q

Name three factors that influence the climate in Napa Valley.

A
  1. Altitude
  2. Cool air/fog off San Pablo Bay
  3. Diurnal Shifts
66
Q

What are the labeling laws for variety in the United States?

A
  • 75% min. varietal composition if from state or county
  • 85% min. varietal composition if from AVA
  • 90% min. in Oregon for most varieties
67
Q

When were the first AVA’s named in the United States and when?

A
  1. 1980 - Augusta, Missouri

2. 1981 - Napa Valley, California

68
Q

Describe the topography of California and its polarizing impact on the region.

A
  • Mountain ranges and rolling hills

- Either BLOCK regions from cool Pacific air, or FUNNEL it in inland

69
Q

Oregon - soil?

A

Volcanic, alluvial, clay

70
Q

Monterey - climate?

A
  • Cool maritime near coast (fog and wind)

- Warm to hot further south and inland

71
Q

Wines in Napa are marked by __________ barrels and lend notes of __________ to both red and white wines/

A
  • New American and French Oak

- Vanilla and toast

72
Q

Are new French and American Oak barrels commonly used on white wine, red wines, or both in Napa Valley?

A

Both

73
Q

What is the climate in Santa Barbara?

A
  • Maritime

- AND LIKE EVERY OTHER PLACE IN CALIFORNIA COOL< WET, WINDY ON COAST AND WARM/DRY INLAND - SHEESH!

74
Q

The United States is the __________ largest producer of wine in the world.

A

4th

75
Q

Roughly where and when did winemaking in the United States begin?

A
  • East and West Coasts

- 1500’s

76
Q

Paso Robles - grape varieties?

A 
WHITE
1. Chardonnay
RED
1. Cabernet Sauvignon
2. Rhone Varieties (Grenache, Syrah)
3. Zinfandel
77
Q

Napa Valley - grape varieties?

A 
WHITE
1. Chardonnay
2. Sauvignon Blanc
RED
1. Cabernet Sauvignon
2. Merlot
3. Zinfandel
4. Pinot Noir
78
Q

Where are the majority of vineyards located in Washington?

A

East of the Cascade Mountains

79
Q

Monterey - primary characteristic of topography?

A

Gap in the mountains funnels cool air and strong winds directly inland

80
Q

What is the climate like in Paso Robles and what is a primary moderator?

A
  • Very Warm (hot days, cool nights)

- Blocked from maritime by mountains BUT there is a gap that funnels in cool air

81
Q

Name 6 AVA’s in Sonoma.

A
  1. Alexander Valley
  2. Sonoma Valley
  3. Carneros
  4. Russian River Valley
  5. Sonoma Coast
  6. Dry Creek Valley
82
Q

According to the TTB, what does the establishment of viticultural areas do for winemakers and consumers?

A
  1. Allows vintners to more accurately describe origin of their wine to consumers
  2. Helps consumers identify wines they may purchase
83
Q

New York State - grape varieties?

A 
WHITE
1. Riesling
2. Gewurztraminer
3. Chardonnay
RED
1. Pinot Noir
2. Merlot
3. Cabernet Franc
HYBRID
1. Concord
2. Vidal
84
Q

Monterey - where is it located?

A
  • South of San Francisco (near the town or Monterey)
85
Q

Washington - what characterizes the viticulture?

A
  • Desert-like conditions offer dramatic diurnal shifts

- Irrigation is essential

86
Q

Santa Babara - topography?

A

Coastal range turns east/west rather than predominant north/south which funnels cool air in from the Pacific

87
Q

Sonoma - climate?

A
  • Cooler coast, warmer inland

- Diurnal shifts from fog and cool air

88
Q

Napa - Cabernet Sauvignon - warm or cool climate?

A

Warm

89
Q

What are the sources of water for irrigation in Washington?

A
  • Columbia River
  • Yakima River
  • Snake River
90
Q

Anderson Valley - grape varieties?

A
  1. Chardonnay

2. Pinot Noir

91
Q

The mountainous portions in Napa Valley rise up to __________ feet in elevation.

A

2,000

92
Q

What style of wine is Anderson Valley well known for?

A

Traditional Method Sparkling

93
Q

Oregon - topography?

A

Mountains and rolling hills

94
Q

Mendocino - climate?

A
  • Very dependent on proximity to Pacific

- Cool coast, warm inland

95
Q

When did the wine industry first begin to flourish and gain international recognition in the United States?

A

1850’s

96
Q

Where does the United States rank in the world for total wine consumption?

A

1st

97
Q

How long did a full-scale revival of the wine industry take after the onset of Prohibition?

A

Nearly 5 decades

98
Q

Name three climate moderators in New York State.

A
  1. Lakes
  2. Rivers
  3. Atlantic Ocean
99
Q

Name two aspects of wine regulated by the TTB.

A
  1. TTB defines and approves boundaries for wine regions

2. TTB demarcates appellations based on distinct geographical, physical, and climatic features

100
Q

Washington - climate?

A
  • Continental, high-desert

- Hot summers, very cold winters, little precipitation

101
Q

Name three important AVA’s in Washington.

A
  1. Columbia Valley
    - Yakima Valley
    - Walla Walla Valley
102
Q

Sonoma - most common wine style?

A

Intense red wines, often aged in new oak barrels

103
Q

List the coast and people associated with early winemaking in the United States in the 1600’s.

A

EAST
- Colonists in Jamestown
WEST
- Franciscan Mission plantings along California coast

104
Q

Where are vineyards planted in the Willamette Valley and how does it impact a wine?

A
  • Higher elevation slopes, hillsides, and valley floor

- Creates differences in intensity of color, flavor, structure

105
Q

List the coast and people associated with early winemaking in the United States in the 1500’s.

A

EAST
- French Huguenots in Florida
WEST
- Franciscan Mission plantings in present day Texas and New Mexico

106
Q

What are the primary grape varieties grown in California?

A

WHITE

  1. Chardonnay
  2. Sauvignon Blanc

RED

  1. Cabernet Sauvignon
  2. Merlot
  3. Pinot Noir
  4. Zinfandel
107
Q

Oregon - primary climate moderator?

A

Rain shadow from Coastal Range

Introductory Turned Certified Sommelier - Matt & Ryan (28 decks)

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