Viti

Question 1

What do growers do to overcome the problem of there being very little natural soil

Answer 1

Blasting schist with dynamite

Rigorous maintenance

Question 2

Name the 4 planting systems

Answer 2

Socalcos (pre-phylloxera type)
Socalcos (post-phylloxera type)
Patamares
Vinha ao alta

Question 3

Describe pre-phelloxera socalcos

Answer 3

Horizontal terraces
Supported by stone walls
May have only 2 rows on each terrace
3000-5000 vines per hectare

Question 4

Describe post-phylloxera socalcos

Answer 4

Wider terraces with sloped tops and fewer walls
(Aiming to allow even exposure to the sun)
6000 vines per hectare

Question 5

Describe patamares

Answer 5

Introduced in the 1970s
Terraces cut by bulldozer
Flat tops carrying 2 rows, supported by earth banks
Allow some mechanisation
The banks occupy space reducing planting density (lower labour costs offset this)
3000-5000 vines per hectare

Question 6

Describe Vinha ao Alta planting system

Answer 6

Vertical planting 
Allows for higher densities 
Allows for mechanisation
Soil erosion can occur 
Used on the less steep sites (often Douro Superior)
4500-5000 VpH

Vsp spur pruned

Question 7

What kind of grafting is common in the Douro

Answer 7

Field grafting

Question 8

Which training system is common in the Douro

Answer 8

Mostly Guyot (low, along wires)

Question 9

Name a viticultural hazard

Answer 9

Weeds - competition for the low rainfall

Question 10

What is the maximum yield in the Douro

Answer 10

55 hl/ha

Question 11

What is the average yield in the Douro

Answer 11

30 hl/ha

Question 12

Which shipper spearheaded research which identified the 5 top quality varieties

Answer 12

Ramos Pinto

Question 13

What are the 5 top quality varieties

Answer 13

Touriga Nacional 
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Barroca
Tinta Cão

Question 14

What are the main grapes for white port

Answer 14

Gouveio
Malvasia Fina
Viosinho

Malvasia Rei (for the cheap ones)

Question 15

What is forbidden on a port label

Answer 15

Varietal labelling

Question 16

Describe the characteristics of the Touriga Nacional grape

Answer 16

Early ripener
Low yielder
Poor fruit set
Excessive vigour

Question 17

Describe the style wines that Touriga Nacional produces

Answer 17

Deeply coloured
Tannic
Intensely aromatic
Plum

Question 18

Touriga Franca - describe the vine

Answer 18

Needs warmer sites to ripen
The most widely planted of the top 5
Higher yielding than Touriga Nacional

Question 19

Touriga Franca - describe the wines

Answer 19

High colour
High tannin
High aromatics

Question 20

What is Tinta Roriz also known as

Answer 20

Tempranillo

Question 21

Describe the Tinta Roriz vine qualities

Answer 21

Not very resistant to heat
Ripens later than Nacional

Best at lower yields

Question 22

What is Tinta Roriz wine like

Answer 22

They gave finesse

Question 23

Viticultural qualities of Tinta Barroca

Answer 23

Prefers cooler sites
Early ripening
Thin skin

Question 24

Wines of Tinta Barroca

Answer 24

High colour
High tannin
High acidity
High must weights

Question 25

Tinta Cão - viticultural qualities

Answer 25

Low yielding
High in extract
Ripens late

Question 26

Malvasia fina - wines produced

Answer 26

White

Soft, honey

Question 27

How are vineyards classified

Answer 27

Graded from A (best) to F.

Permissions allowed are based on grade

Question 28

How old must vines be before they can be used for Port production

Answer 28

5 years

Question 29

Which 4 variables are grades for vineyards based on (70% of marks)

Answer 29

Altitude (lower the better)
Locality
Soil
Yield (lower the better)