Vitamins - Water Soluble (Krasowski) Flashcards
this vitamin is a highly pigemented yellow compound found in eggs, meat, milk and leafy green vegetables, and is stable to heat but degrades in milk if left in the sunlight
riboflavin (vitamin B2)
vitamin found in meat, poultry, fish, potatoes and vegetables that is involved in pathways that synthesize amino acids
pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
intravenous formulation of this vitamin is used to treat warfarin poisoning
vitamin K
vitamin that is not endogenously made, rarely is deficient in the diet, and functions as an anti-oxidant that promotes the absorption of non-heme iron and the synthesis of collagen
vitamin C
what do elevated levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid indicate?
functional vitamin B12 deficiency
this condition is characterized by deficiency of intrinsic factor (IF), secondary to gastric dystrophy, an autoimmune disorder
pernicious anemia
this vitamin, whose functional activation requires vitamin B12, is a precursor to THF and is found in liver and leafy green vegetables
folate
peripheral neuropathy and hemorrhaging into the mamillary bodies are symptoms characteristic of what disease, that afflicts alcoholics?
dry beriberi
though vitamin C toxicity is rare, high doses can acidify the urine, and more seirously may promote iron overload in patients with what diseases?
thalassemia, in which unbound iron is already circulating in the blood in elevated amounts because of improper hemoglobin formation and hemachromatosis, a disorder in which iron is excessively absorbed
what is the role of intrinsic factor (IF) in the asorption of vitamin B12?
Absorption of B12 requires IF, which is secreted in excess quantities in the stomach. IF/B12 complexes form and B12 is absorbed in the ileum
this vitamin does not have a deficiency or toxicity syndrome associated with it, but is a coenzyme involved in many biological processes including gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis and amino acid catabolism
biotin
intravenous formulation of this vitamin is used to treat wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
thiamine
principal sources of this vitamin are meat, eggs and dairy, and up to 2/3 of the vegetarian/vegan population is deficient
cobalamine (vit b12)
alcoholics, the elderly, and pregnant women are at risk for developing these two forms of thiamine deficiency
dry beriberi: poor appetite, fatigue, peripheral neuritis
wet beriberi: edema and cardiac failure
deficiency in this vitamin may cause, among pulmonary, GI and metabolic symptoms, an inability to produce sound (aphonia)
thiamine (B1)
vitamin that is easily leeched out of food by boiling and is transported in plasma as thiamine
vitamin B1
deficiency of this vitamin in infants causes irritability, seizures and vomiting, and peripheral neuropathy in adults
vitamin B6
vitamin that is active in mainly redox reactions, and exists in its active form as a cofactor (e.g., FMN and FAD)
riboflavin (vitamin B2)
How is it that carcinoid tumors can predispose to a niacin deficiency?
this is due to carcinoma’s accelerated tryptophan metabolism (to serotonin), since tryptophan is another route by which NAD and NADP can be made
these are two of the most common therapeutic uses for vitamin B6
hyperemesis gravidarum
seizure control in early childhood seizure syndromes
symptoms of this disease include systemic problems such as fatigue, syncope and a variety of cutaneous problems like xerosis, ecchymoses, gum abnormalities and poor wound healing
scurvy
a flabby, dilated heart and edema are symptoms characteristic of what disease that may affect pregnant women who present with high output cardiac failure?
wet beriberi (resulting from thiamine deficiency)
this vitamin is essential (must be obtained from the diet) but is so widely available in food that a deficiency has never been described
pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
intramuscular injections of this vitamin are used in the lifelong management of pernicious anemia
vitamin B12
