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Monica's final > Vitamins, minerals & nutrients > Flashcards

Vitamins, minerals & nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A

A
  • fat soluble
  • normal growth
  • development of bones and teeth
  • skin and mucosal membranes
  • eye sight= rhodopsin formation
  • xerophthalmia: cornea and tear duct
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2
Q

Vitamin A: dietary sources

A

Preformed vitamin A (retinal)- animal sources

Provitamin A- carotenoids (carrots, cantaloupe, dark veggies)

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3
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A
  • Stored in liver and fatty tissue
  • increase risk of toxicity
  • absorption in small intestines via micelles
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4
Q

Water- soluble vitamins

A
  • Vitamin C and B complex
  • briefly stored and exerted
  • daily replenishment
  • Execption: B-12 =stored in liver
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5
Q

Vitamin D

A
  • Maintains normal blood calcium and phosphorus levels
  • develop and maintains strong bones
  • attained though foods and IV rays
  • UV rays trigger vitamin synthesis
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6
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Osteomalacia (Rickett’s in children)

Osteoporosis

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7
Q

Vitamin D dietary sources

A

Yeast
Fish liver oils
Salmon
Fortified foods D2 or D3(dairy, cereals)

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8
Q

Vitamin E

A
  • antioxidant
  • prevents formation of free radicals
  • prevents cell membrane damage
  • free radicals attack cell tissues ad alter membranes
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9
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A
  • Hemolytic anemia

- disruption of myelin formation

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10
Q

Vitamin E dietary sources

A

Vegetable oils
Peanuts
Products made from oils

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11
Q

Vitamin K

A
  • coagulation vitamin
  • promotes lover synthesis of clotting factors
  • antidote for an over dosage of warfarin
  • body makes vitamin through bacteria in the GI tract
  • hepatic biosynthesis of blood clotting
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12
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Bleeding/hemorrhage

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13
Q

The B vitamins

A
  • Found in fresh fruits and vegetables
  • change food into energy
  • help the body use fats and proteins
  • cell division and cell metabolism
  • require an acidic environment for absorption
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14
Q

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

A
  • Coenzyme in the metabolism of CHO
  • conversion of CHO to energy for heart, nervous system, and muscle function
  • greater risk of deficiency with chronic alcoholism
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15
Q

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Deficiency

A
  • Weakened heart muscle
  • nerve activity in brain impaired
  • impair GI function and secretory glands
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16
Q

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Dietary sources

A 
Whole grains
Green peas
Potatoes 
Legumes 
Milk
17
Q

Folate (B9)

A
  • cell division and DNA synthesis
  • stimulates production of RBC, WBC, and platelets
  • aids in heme production
  • greater deficiency risk with chronic alcoholism
  • fat soluble
18
Q

Folate (B9) deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

Neural tube defects

19
Q

Folate (B9) Dietary Sources

A 
Dark leafy greens
Citrus fruits
Tomatoes
Legumes
Fortified cereals
Grains
20
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin B1
Vitamin B9
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C

21
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

22
Q

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

A 
Normal growth 
Call reproduction 
Maturation of RBC's 
Folic acid and B12 needed for RBC production 
Protein complex found in animal foods
23
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A

-Megaloblastic anemia
-Pernicious anemia
affects hematologist and nervous system
-needed B12 IM injections for pernicious anemia
-cognitive mpairment
-numbness
-tingling-
Risk Populations:
Elderly d/t < HCL-
vegan/ strict vegetarians

24
Q

Vitamin B12 Dietary sources

A 
Meat
Fish
Chicken 
Milk
Cheese
Fortified foods
25
Q

Vitamin C

A
  • Synthesis and maintenance of collagen
  • Intercellular formation of blood vessels, bones, cartilage, skin and tendons
  • maintain immune system
  • promotes formation of RBC’s
  • helps with absorption of iron
26
Q

Iron

A
  • Requires acidic environment for conversion of ferric iron to ferrous iron
  • carries O2 around body
  • immune function
  • growth needs and brain development
  • stored as ferritin in liver, spleen, and bone marrow
  • Vitamin C supports absorption
27
Q

Iron deficiencies

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

Geri pt’s taking antacids at inc. risk

28
Q

Calcium

A 
Stored in teeth and bones 
Bone matrix construction
Contraction/relaxation of ms and heart
Transmit NV impulses
Blood coagulation to convert prothrombin to thrombin
Regulated by PTH, Vitamin D, Calcitonin
29
Q

Calcium deficiency

A

Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Nerve and muscle excitability (tremors)
Paresthesia ( tingling and prickling and round mouth and fingers)

30
Q

CLINICAL SIGNS

Skin tuger:tenting

A

Dehydration

31
Q

CLINICAL SIGNS

Dry, scaly skin

A

Vitamin A deficiency

32
Q

CLINICAL SIGNS

Spoon shaped nails

A

Iron deficiency

33
Q

CLINICAL SIGNS

Ecchymosis, petechiae, nosebleeds

A 
Vitamin K deficiency (clotting issues)
Vitamin C (capillary wall integrity)
34
Q

CLINICAL SIGNS

Pale conjunctiva

A

Iron deficiency

35
Q

CLINICAL SIGNS

Hair loss

A

Protein deficiency

36
Q

Function of protein

A
  • necessary for building and maintaining body tissues
  • helps maintain blood volume (albumin)
  • helps maintain immune fx
37
Q

Function of water

A

Found in and around cells
Maintains all body functions
Major constituent of blood and BP
Solvent for vitamins and minerals

Monica's final (4 decks)

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