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Monica's final > Lab Values Norm > Flashcards

Lab Values Norm Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium Na+ (location and range)

A

Extracellular

135-145

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2
Q

Na+ function

A

Maintains body fluids
Maintains systemic blood pressure
Promotes transmission of nerve impulses
Promotes muscle contractility

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3
Q

Potassium K+ (location and range)

A

Intracellular

3.5-5.0

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4
Q

K+ function

A

Facilitates nerve impulse conduction
Essential for cardiac function
Skeletal and smooth muscle contractions

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5
Q

Chloride Cl- (range and location)

A

Extracellular anion

95-108

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6
Q

Chloride Cl- function

A

Maintains balance between intra & extra cellular fluid
Combines with Na+
Combines with H in stomach
Assist w/ nv transmission, ms contraction, and relaxation

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7
Q

Magnesium Mg++ (range and location)

A 
Intracellular cation (2nd most abundant) 
1.8-3.0
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8
Q

Mg++ function

A

Nv conduction and CV fx
Ca++ mediated process
Powers the Na-K pump

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9
Q

Phosphorus P- (location and range)

A

Primary anion found in ICF
85% bound w/ Ca+ in teeth and bones
Inverse relationship with Ca+

2.5-4.5

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10
Q

Phosphorus P- function

A

Regulates ca+ levels
Nv conduction and nm Fx
Cell membrane integrity
Metabolism of CHO, fat, and protein

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11
Q

Hyponatremia
(<135 mEq/L)

Causes
Symptoms

A

Causes:
Hypervolemia
Loss of Na+ and H2O (see PPT for details)

Symptoms:
EARLY-
Headache, N/V
Anorexia (loss of appetite)
Abdominal cramping 
LATER-
Confusion, lethargy
Muscle twitching 
Seizures
Possibly coma
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12
Q

hyponatremia

Nursing implications:

A 
Analgesics or anti-emetics 
Neuro assess
Fall and seizure precautions 
BP and HR
I and O
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13
Q

Hypernatremia
(>145 mEq/L)

Causes
Symptoms

A

Excess sodium intake
Fluid volume deficit (dehydration)

Symptoms:
Muscle twitching 
Restlessness, lethargy, dec LOC, dec CO
Hypovalemic symptoms
Oliguria (decreased urine)
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14
Q

Hypernatremia

Nursing implications:

A

Neruo Assess
Assess perfusion
Monitor I&O
Assess mucus membranes and VS

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15
Q

Hypokalemia (<3.5 mEq/L)

Causes
Symptoms

A 
Causes:
Gastric losses
Inadequate dietary intake
Diaphoresis
Diuretics (lasix)

Symptoms:
Alteration in CV and NM Fx
Impaired glucose tolerance

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16
Q

Hypokalemia

Nursing implications:

A 
Cardiac rhythm
Skeletal (leg cramps)
Respiratory 
GI (hypoactive? Absent?)
Glucose level
Inc K+ level
17
Q

Hyperkalemia (>5.0 mEq/L)

Causes
Symptoms

A

Causes:
Excessive K+ intake
K+ sparing drugs
Overuse of salt sub

Symptoms:
Cardiac fx disturbances
Skeletal fx changes
GI (diarrhea, overactive bowel sounds)

18
Q

Hyperkalemia

Nursing implications:

A 
Cardiac rhythm 
CMS checks 
Safety measures(weakness)
Character of stools 
Medications (diuretic)
Avoid salt sub
19
Q

Hypochloremia (<95 mEq/L)

Causes
Symptoms

A

Causes:
GI losses (removes HCl from stomach)
Excessive sweating
Medications (antacids diuretics)

Symptoms:
Na+, K+ levels may be dec
Hypotension 
Disorientation and confusion 
Muscle cramping, twitching
20
Q

Hypochloremia

Nursing implications:

A

VS, neuro, CMS
Weakness (falls)
Monitor na+ and K+ levels

21
Q

Hypomagnesemia (<1.8 mg/dl)

Causes
Symptoms

A 
Causes:
Chronic alcoholism (most common)
Inadequate intake 
GI losses 
Medications

Symptoms:
Cardiac dysrhythmias, inc BP and HR
Confusion and insomnia
Hypokalemia s/sx (d/t Na- K pump r’ship)

22
Q

Hypomagnesemia

Nursing implications:

A

VS and Heart rhythm
Neurological & CMS
Implement fall precautions
Assess K+ and ca+ levels

23
Q

Hyperchloremia (>108 mEq/L)

Causes
Symptoms

A

Causes:
Dec excretion or retention by kidneys
Hypernatremia (readily combines w/ Na+)

Symptoms:
Hypotension & tachycardia
Restlessness, lathargy, headache, confusion
Inc Na+ and K+ levels

24
Q

Hyperchloremia

Nursing implications

A

Monitor Na+, and K+ labs
Neuro and CMS
VS

25
Q

Hypermagnesesia (>3.0)

Causes
Symptoms

A

Causes:
Renal dysfunction
Ingestion of Mg+ containing medications

Symptoms:
Initial- N/V, lethargy

Later- dec BP and HR
Cardiac dysrythmias
Dec NM fx

26
Q

Hypermagnesemia

Nursing implications:

A 
Anti-emetics
Assess VS, heart rhythm 
Kidney Fx
NM fx
Implement fall precautions
27
Q

Hypophosphatemia (<2.5 mg/dl)

Causes
Symptoms

A 
Causes:
inadquete intake or malabsorption issues
vitamin D deficiency	
 alcoholism and withdrawal	
 hyperparathyroidism (over secretion of PTH)
excessive use of antacids
 Symptoms:
Dysrhythmias
ms weakness
CNS depression, confusion 
Osteomalacia
Respiratory weakness

Monica's final (4 decks)

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