Vitamins & Minerals Flashcards
Drug class: Vitamins & Minerals
What are the actions?
○Many roles to facilitate the functioning of the human body. They are used to build bones, make hormones, regulate fluid volume, generate nerve action potentials, and produce red blood cells.
-calcium is involved in bone density
-folic acid is involved in red blood cell production
-iodine helps produce thyroid hormone
-sodium helps maintain fluid volume where the body needs it
Drug class: Vitamins & Minerals
What are the indications?
○Treatment of deficiencies, as dietary supplements, and a specific therapy related to the activity of the vitamin or mineral
Drug class: Vitamins & Minerals
What are the contraindications?
○Allergy to the drug or the colorants, additives, or preservatives
○Levels are high in the body (when the patient does not have a deficiency)
Drug class: Vitamins & Minerals
What are the adverse effects?
- Gastrointestinal upset (take with food to prevent)
Drug class: Vitamins & Minerals
What are the drug-drug interactions?
○Fat-soluble vitamins may not be absorbed if given concurrently given with mineral oil, cholestyramine, or colestipol
○Potassium and potassium-sparing diuretics (risk of hyperkalemia)
○Magnesium and calcium decreases absorption of antibiotics and iron
Drug class: Vitamins
What are the vitamin names you need to know?
●Ascorbic acid
●Calcifediol
●Cholecalciferol
●Cyanocobalamin
●Ergocalciferol
●Niacin
●Phytonadione
●Thiamine
●Vitamin A
●Vitamin E
What are the two classes of vitamins?
WATER-SOLUBLE
●Dissolve in water
●Readily excreted in urine
●Daily intake in needed
○Vitamin B complex
○Vitamin C
Be
Cute
-Drink Water
*FAT-SOLUBLE
●Dissolve in fat
●Tend to be stored in the liver
and daily intake not necessary
○Vitamin D
○Vitamin A
○Vitamin E
○Vitamin K
Don’t Always
Eat Kale
-Have some fat
What are the indications for vitamin A and signs of deficiency?
●Indications for administration
-Deficiency and malnutrition
-Wound healing
●Signs of deficiency
-Night blindness and other vision problems
-Impaired skin integrity
- Too much vitamin A = Hypervitaminosis A- vitamin A toxicity
-Mouth ulcers, cracked fingernails, bone pain, loss of appetite, cracked corners
of the mouth, blurry vision or other vision changes, dizziness, and severe permanent liver damage as well as CNS and GI effects
Food high in Vitamin A?
What are foods high in Vitamin A?
Dairy, egg yolks, leafy greens vegetables, and fruits.
What are the indications, signs of deficiency, and adverse effects for Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)?
●Indications for administration
-Deficiency (scurvy is severe deficiency)
-Enhances PO iron absorption
-Wound healing
-Acts as an antioxidant to protect cells from damage
●Signs of deficiency
-Gingivitis (bleeding gums)
-Fatigue
-Joint pain
-Hair and tooth loss
-Nosebleeds, easy bruising, delayed healing
●Adverse drug effects - kidney stones
(with megadoses)
What are sources of vitamin C?
Vegetables, fruits, and liver
What are the indications and signs of deficiency of Calcifediol, Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D)?
●Indications for administration
-Deficiency and malnutrition
●Signs of deficiency
-Rickets (bone are soft and weak -usually only occurs in children)
-Osteomalacia (soft bones due to mineral deficiencies)
-Osteoporosis (thinking of bones that lose density and become brittle)
-Tetany (decrease of calcium in the blood)
●Hypervitaminosis D (Excess vitamin D)
-Fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, excessive thirst, excessive urination, dehydration, constipation, irritability, nervousness
What are some sources of vitamin D?
Cereal, dairy, butter, eggs, and fish.
What are the indication and signs of deficiency of Cyanocobalamin
(Vitamin B12)?
●Indications for administration
-Pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 essential to red blood cell formation)
-Deficiency and malnutrition
-ETOH
-Malabsorption syndrome
-Vegan diet
-Prolonged use of PPIs or H2 blockers
●Signs of deficiency
-Megaloblastic anemia
-Mucous membranes – cheilosis (cracked lips), glossitis, stomatitis (sores in the mouth)
-Neurologic - paresthesias, balance problems, memory loss, thinking problems
What are the indications and signs of deficiency of Vitamin E?
●Indications for administration: Deficiency
-Mostly in premature infants
-Vitamin E levels may be low in metabolic syndrome (obesity high blood pressure, and insulin resistance)
-Wound healing (vitamin E reduces inflammation and promotes issue repair)
●Vitamin E toxicity
-Nausea, gastric distress, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, easy bruising and bleeding
